{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T16:32:55Z","timestamp":1754152375465,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Survival post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is improving, with an increasing number of survivors. Subsequent neoplasms (SNs) following HCTs are of particular concern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between January 2003 and December 2022, HCT recipients\u2019 records were retrospectively reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At a median follow-up of 108 months (range, 0.13-215), 2659 patients received HCTs. Of those, 1131 (43%) were &amp;lt;18 years old. Allogeneic HCTs were conducted in 1476 (56%) patients. Myeloablative conditioning (MAC) was utilized in 2157 (81%), and 583(22%) received TBI. At a median of 9 years following transplant, forty-three patients developed SNs (1.6%) with a median age at time of HCT of 27.6 years (range, 2.8-64.8). Of those: 32 were males (74%), 20 received full HLA-matched allogeneic HCTs (46.5%), two (4.6%) had unrelated cord blood HCT (UCB), and one (2.3%) received haplo-HCT, whereas autologous HCTs accounted for 46.6% (n=20). Underlying diseases were: ALL(13.9%), AML(11.6%), Hodgkin Lymphoma(13.9%), Non-Hodgkin lymphoma(13.9%), Multiple Myeloma(18.6%), Fanconi Anemia(6.9%), CML(6.9%),Neuroblastoma(2.3%), and thalassemia (2.3%).); cGVHD occurred in (74%), and CMV infection\/reactivation in (60.5%). Stem cell source included peripheral blood in (81.4%), BM in (3.9%), and UCB in (4.7%). Conditioning regimens were MAC (81.4%) vs RIC (18.6%). TBI-based regimen was utilized in 14 patients (32.5%). Subsequent hematologic malignancies accounted for 32.5% of SNs. While subsequent solid neoplasms occurred in 65.2%, and PTLD occurred in 2.3%. The probability of 5-year overall survival after a SN was 58.2%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SNs adversely impact the overall survival and quality of life of HCT survivors. In our cohort, the rate of post-HCT SNs was lower than that in the literature; however, longer follow-up of our cohort is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1589755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T05:31:21Z","timestamp":1753162281000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the aftermath of hematopoietic cell transplantation: 18-year insights into post-transplant 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