{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T19:18:37Z","timestamp":1754162317305,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) features leukemic cell differentiation arrest at the promyelocytic stage, mainly due to the t (15;17), (q24; q21) translocation that forms the PML-RARA fusion protein. Variant RAR\u03b1 translocations, with distinct biological traits and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) responses, often cause misdiagnosis and lengthy genetic testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To solve these problems, we propose a spatial attention mechanism-enhanced convolutional neural network integrating ResNet Blocks and a spatial attention module (CNN with spatial attention), which can achieve high-precision identification of APL fusion gene subtypes and pixel-level visualization of key areas. Data collected from two hospitals and Kaggle, including bone marrow smear images of PML-RARA, TTMV-RARA, NPM1-RARA, STAT5B-RARA, and NUP98-RARG subtypes, were preprocessed to form a five-class dataset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The model achieves an overall accuracy of 98.04% in five - class classification, with good performance in each category. The attention maps also enhance the model\u2019s interpretability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Such a novel and rapid diagnostic approach for APL subtypes, which achieves high - precision identification and pixel - level visualization, holds significant clinical value.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1619296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T04:13:53Z","timestamp":1753848833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification and visualization of fusion gene subtypes in APL using spatial attention mechanisms in vision 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