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Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tobacco exposure substantially increases the global cancer burden; however, studies targeting specific subgroups are scarce. We aimed to investigate global burden trends of tobacco-attributable cancers among people aged \u226540 and the associated cross-national inequalities based on the sociodemographic index (SDI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed secondary analyses on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. The global tobacco-attributable cancer burden was assessed by age-standardized (ASR)-disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths. The estimated annual percentage changes were used to illustrate temporal global and regional trends from 1990 to 2021. Decomposition analyses determined the impact of population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes on disease burden. The slope inequality index (SII) and concentration index (CI) were used to quantify cross-country inequalities in the tobacco-attributable cancer burden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2021, global tobacco-attributable ASR-DALYs among people aged \u226540 were 1,687.49 per 100,000 people, a continuous decline since 1990, and ASR deaths were 72.36 per 100,000 people. By 2030, they are projected to fall to 1,464.68 and 64.59 per 100,000, respectively. Men exhibited higher DALYs and deaths than women (40.8 million DALYs, 1.7 million deaths). The most prominent tobacco exposure was smoking (ASR-DALY: 1,603.98\/100000). Among the 16 cancers observed, tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancers had significantly higher ASR-DALYs and ASR-related deaths than other cancers. Population growth was the main cause of the tobacco-attributable cancer burden, followed by epidemiological changes. The highest ASR-DALYs and deaths were observed in the medium-high SDI regions and the lowest in the low SDI regions. Health inequality analyses showed that the DALYs SII declined from 2,654\/100,000 in 1990 to 1,178\/100,000 in 2021; however, the difference between high and low SDI countries narrowed significantly. The DALYs CI was 0.17 in 1990 and 2021, and the mortality CI increased from 0.17 to 0.18.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cancer burden attributable to tobacco use varied significantly according to sex, age, region, and SDI. The global tobacco-attributable cancer burden among people aged \u226540 has been declining since 1990, paralleling mitigated yet persistent cross-national inequalities. The study\u2019s findings could help to develop strategies for improving the prevention and treatment of cancers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1631356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T04:10:30Z","timestamp":1753416630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Global burden and cross-national inequalities of tobacco-attributable cancers in adults aged 40 and above, 1990\u20132021: a population-based study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lirui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanben","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoxiong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Global Burden of Disease Study","year":"2022"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA: Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.7826","article-title":"Estimates and projections of the global economic cost of 29 cancers in 204 countries and territories from 2020 to 2050","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Cancer Prevention and Control in the Context of an Integrated Approach. 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