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Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who have received at least two cycles of quadruple therapy were Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related side effects were comprehensively evaluated using R language and the chi-square test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy-four patients were enrolled and divided into two groups (A and B) based on whether they had received radiotherapy. The incidence rate of adverse events\u2014such as radiation-related pneumonitis, pneumonia, thrombocytopenia, cough, panting, fatigue, and radiodermatitis\u2014were significantly higher in patients receiving radiotherapy. A survival analysis comparing the experimental and control groups revealed that the addition of radiotherapy played a positive role in extending PFS and OS, with statistically significant results observed for OS (HR(95%CI)=0.51[0.283, 0.919]; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =0.019). The risk of radiation-related pneumonitis was significantly higher than in the control group (<jats:italic>p &amp;lt;<\/jats:italic>0.001) and was associated with a negative impact on prognosis; a similar trend was also observed for pneumonia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.041) and thrombocytopenia (<jats:italic>p &amp;lt;<\/jats:italic>0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sequential radiotherapy after quadruple therapy can prolong survival in patients with advanced NSCLC. However, special attention should be paid to treatment-related side effects such as pneumonitis, pneumonia, and thrombocytopenia, which may negatively affect prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1640306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T05:34:04Z","timestamp":1758605644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and safety of thoracic radiotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic therapy and immunochemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients: a retrospective 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