{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:13:18Z","timestamp":1760573598969,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucosal melanoma is a rare and aggressive subtype of melanoma, accounting for approximately 1% of all melanoma cases. Of those, only 4% occur primarily in the vagina. Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC) is a biopharmaceutical medication that is used to treat unresectable malignant melanoma. However, the clinical trials for this treatment option excluded patients with mucosal melanomas. Here we report a case of an 85-year-old female with vaginal melanoma with regional lymph node metastasis that had complete durable response to combined T-VEC and immune checkpoint inhibition treatment. This is, to our best knowledge, the first reported case of T-VEC treatment for vaginal melanoma. It supports findings from case reports demonstrating good response to T-VEC in mucosal melanomas of the urethra, maxillary sinus, and the soft and hard palate. Prospective studies assessing the efficacy of T-VEC in treating mucosal melanoma are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1647603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T04:21:48Z","timestamp":1760502108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Talimogene Laherparepvec treatment for mucosal melanoma with metastatic lymph node metastasis: case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Arnar B.","family":"Ingason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Venkatesa P.","family":"Muruganandam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikechukwu","family":"Chidobem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Cintolo-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hibba tul","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-023-01453-x","article-title":"Mucosal melanoma: epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment","volume":"25","author":"Sergi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2024.0036","article-title":"NCCN guidelines\u00ae Insights: melanoma: cutaneous, version 2.2024","volume":"22","author":"Swetter","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-2667","article-title":"Molecular pathways: mechanism of action for talimogene laherparepvec, a new oncolytic virus immunotherapy","volume":"22","author":"Kohlhapp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0623-z","article-title":"Final analyses of OPTiM: a randomized phase III trial of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in unresectable stage III-IV melanoma","volume":"7","author":"Andtbacka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30473","article-title":"Vulvar and vaginal melanoma: A unique subclass of mucosal melanoma based on a comprehensive molecular analysis of 51 cases compared with 2253 cases of nongynecologic melanoma","volume":"123","author":"Hou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981015)83:8<1664::AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma: a summary of 84,836 cases from the past decade. 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