{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T05:47:48Z","timestamp":1767764868910,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glioblastoma (GB), a World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV astrocytoma, is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of 12\u201315 months despite multimodal therapy involving maximal safe resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide. While GB predominantly arises in the supratentorial region, brainstem glioblastoma (BS-GB) represents an exceptionally rare and clinically devastating subset, accounting for only 1-2% of all GBs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report a case of a 54-year-old male patient who presented with dizziness and diplopia for half a year. Examination revealed abnormal signals in the right cerebellopontine angle, cerebellar hemisphere, and brainstem. After hormone shock and antiviral treatment, the patient\u2019s symptoms did not improve and continued to worsen. We performed a lesion biopsy on the patient. During the operation, we found a space-occupying lesion in the pontocerebellar region. The pathological examination suggested GB. After the surgery, the patient\u2019s symptoms improved and he received regular radiotherapy and chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cases in which abnormal signals are simultaneously present in the right cerebellopontine angle, cerebellar hemisphere, and brainstem are extremely rare. After craniotomy and exploration, it was found that some of the abnormal signals were GB and some were inflammation. After surgical treatment, the patient\u2019s symptoms were relieved. This case provides treatment ideas for patients suspected of having intracranial inflammatory lesions but who have not shown improvement despite continuous medical treatment, thereby broadening the treatment perspective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1660705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T05:15:29Z","timestamp":1767762929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Secondary exophytic glioblastoma of the cerebellopontine angle: a case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lirui","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyi","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuanghong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peizhi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","article-title":"The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary","volume":"23","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro-oncology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/PED-07\/09\/251","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica with brainstem lesion mistaken for brainstem glioma","volume":"107","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Case Rep J Neurosurg"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.JNS181702","article-title":"Glioblastoma of the cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal mimicking a peripheral nerve sheath tumor: case report","volume":"131","author":"Takami","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-03941-x","article-title":"Validation of multiparametric MRI based prediction model in identification of pseudoprogression in glioblastomas","volume":"21","author":"de Godoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Trans Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2014.08.004","article-title":"Cerebral tumor or pseudotumor","volume":"95","author":"Leclercq","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diagn interventional Imaging"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-00447-z","article-title":": EANO guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of diffuse gliomas of adulthood","volume":"18","author":"Weller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12328","article-title":"When is an acoustic neuroma not an acoustic neuroma? Pitfalls for radiosurgeons","volume":"59","author":"Roos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.174250","article-title":"Serial stereotactic biopsy of brainstem lesions in adults improves diagnostic accuracy compared with MRI only","volume":"80","author":"Rachinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J neurology neurosurgery Psychiatry"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.04.014","article-title":"Adult brainstem gliomas: Correlation of clinical and molecular features","volume":"353","author":"Theeler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J neurological Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4442","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30677-x","article-title":"An integrative survival analysis and a systematic review of the cerebellopontine angle glioblastomas","volume":"13","author":"Lasica","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-017-2375-2","article-title":"Pseudoprogression, radionecrosis, inflammation or true tumor progression? challenges associated with glioblastoma response assessment in an evolving therapeutic landscape","volume":"134","author":"Ellingson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J neuro-oncology"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2008.07.002","article-title":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain: review of metabolites and clinical applications","volume":"64","author":"Soares","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.866622","article-title":"Case report: atypical solitary brain metastasis: the role of MR spectroscopy in differential diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Kozic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-018-0325-0","article-title":"Paediatric diffuse leptomeningeal tumor with glial and neuronal differentiation harbouring chromosome 1p\/19q co-deletion and H3.3 K27M mutation: unusual molecular profile and its therapeutic implications","volume":"35","author":"Nambirajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain tumor Pathol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101082","article-title":"Haploinsufficiency of NFKBIA reshapes the epigenome antipodal to the IDH mutation and imparts disease fate in diffuse gliomas","volume":"4","author":"Bredel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2172-7770","article-title":"Systematic review of WHO grade 4 astrocytoma in the cerebellopontine angle: the impact of anatomic corridor on treatment options and outcomes","volume":"84","author":"Dang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J neurological Surg Rep"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2021.1929209","article-title":"Secondary cerebellopontine angle oligodendroglioma after cranial irradiation: a case report and literature review","volume":"133","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-022-02349-7","article-title":"Emerging therapies for glioblastoma: current state and future directions","volume":"41","author":"Rong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer research: CR"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1660705\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T05:15:30Z","timestamp":1767762930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1660705\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2025.1660705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1660705","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"article-number":"1660705"}}