{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T09:17:39Z","timestamp":1771579059619,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare malignant tumor of the gallbladder (GB) and is extremely rare in medical practice. Related case reports and in-depth studies are extremely limited, resulting in an insufficient understanding of the disease. This article reports a case of a 60-year-old female patient who complained of right upper abdominal pain for 20 days. Subsequent examinations confirmed that it was mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder (GB-MANEC), of which the neuroendocrine part accounted for approximately 70%, and was defined as a poorly differentiated NEC. The Ki-67 index reached 80%, indicating highly aggressive behavior. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was administered (six cycles of etoposide combined with cisplatin). Follow-up through December 2024 showed no signs of tumor recurrence, with a disease-free survival period of 12 months. Currently, the preferred treatment strategy for GB-NEC is radical surgery. Therefore, in this case, radical resection combined with chemotherapy became an effective treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1678082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T08:48:56Z","timestamp":1771577336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder: a case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University","place":["Yangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiangnan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Hunan Normal University","place":["Changsha, 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