{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:06:58Z","timestamp":1787954818335,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the global burden of breast cancer continues to rise, comparative long-term trends in incidence and mortality between reproductive-age and older women remain inadequately characterized across different socio-demographic settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data on female breast cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study. Trends were analyzed for two age groups (20\u201354 and \u226555 years). The Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) was calculated using joinpoint regression, which identifies significant trend changes by fitting a series of linear segments connected at \u201cjoinpoints.\u201dStatistical comparisons of trends between age groups and SDI regions were conducted using t-tests based on the Joinpoint software framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 1990 and 2021, global breast cancer incidence increased in both age groups, with a more pronounced rise among women aged 20\u201354 years. Mortality and DALYs diverged: both increased in younger women but declined in those aged \u226555 years. Geographic disparities were strongly linked to SDI levels; although high-SDI regions reported higher incidence, they also showed steeper recent mortality reductions, highlighting the roles of risk factor profiles and healthcare access.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study offers a novel, age-stratified comparison of global breast cancer burden across SDI regions over three decades. Our findings underscore the necessity of age-specific and resource-stratified strategies for prevention and control to mitigate the growing burden in both younger and older women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1688642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T06:36:10Z","timestamp":1767854170000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Global comparison of breast cancer burden between women aged 20\u201354 and \u226555 years 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