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Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This report presents a challenging case of a 52-year-old male with a history of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1)\/RUNX1::RUNX1T1 who developed an intracranial mass during hematologic remission. Initial histopathological examination of the resected lesion, due to aberrant expression of B-cell markers (PAX-5, CD79a, c-Myc, Bcl-2), led to a misdiagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Subsequent comprehensive integration of clinical history, repeated bone marrow assessment, cytogenetics, fluorescence\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    hybridization (FISH), and extended immunohistochemistry(IHC) revealed the tumor to be a myeloid sarcoma (MS), representing an extramedullary relapse of his underlying AML. This case underscores the diagnostic pitfalls of MS, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS), and highlights the critical importance of considering MS in patients with a history of AML, especially those with genetic profiles predisposing to extramedullary disease, even when pathology initially suggests lymphoma.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1712803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T05:30:04Z","timestamp":1767591004000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Myeloid sarcoma masquerading as central nervous system diffuse large b-cell lymphoma: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wanli","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuexian","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengyun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016867","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2022 recommendations from an international expert panel on behalf of the ELN","volume":"140","author":"D\u00f6hner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47020111","article-title":"Diagnostic approaches in myeloid sarcoma","volume":"47","author":"Patkowska","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.8861","article-title":"Myeloid sarcoma in brain and optic nerve presented as a relapse of acute myeloid leukemia: A case report","volume":"12","author":"Musleh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2007.00913.x","article-title":"Aberrant co-expression of CD19 and CD56 as surrogate markers of acute myeloid leukemias with t(8;21) in Taiwan","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404491","article-title":"Myeloid sarcoma: clinico-pathologic, phenotypic and cytogenetic analysis of 92 adult patients","volume":"21","author":"Pileri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2021.100910","article-title":"Neurologic complications of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"53","author":"Siegal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagn approach Ther modalities. 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