{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T05:12:19Z","timestamp":1778562739735,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Myeloid sarcoma with erythroid differentiation represents a mass-forming presentation of acute erythroid leukemia. This entity is exceptionally rare in the pediatric population, with only sporadic reports of\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    cases predominantly involving the central nervous system or orbit. Diagnosing myeloid sarcoma with erythroid differentiation poses significant clinical and pathological challenges, particularly in cases without bone marrow involvement. Here, we report the case of a 1-year-old boy with myeloid sarcoma with erythroid differentiation exhibiting diffuse parenchymal brain infiltration without mass formation. Due to the patient\u2019s critical condition, a tissue biopsy was unfeasible. However, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow cytometry revealed a significant population of immature erythroid cells, and RNA sequencing identified an NFIA::CBFA2T3 fusion\u2014a genetic alteration previously reported in multiple myeloid sarcoma with erythroid differentiation cases. Notably, molecular testing confirmed that the patient was negative for both\n                    <jats:italic>TP53<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation and chromosome 17 loss. Given the diagnostic complexity of this tumor, both flow cytometry and RNA sequencing played pivotal roles in establishing the definitive diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1676730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T04:29:57Z","timestamp":1778560197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of an NFIA::CBFA2T3 fusion in cerebrospinal fluid confirms the diagnosis of pediatric CNS myeloid sarcoma with erythroid differentiation: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhizhuo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lian","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueping","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Beijing, 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