{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:10:57Z","timestamp":1778217057526,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the imaging characteristics of immature teratoma in fetal oral cavity and enhance the diagnostic and differential diagnostic ability for this condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The clinical, pathological, and imaging features of a case of immature teratoma occurring in a fetus were analyzed. A systematic literature review was conducted, and prior cases were summarized in a comparative table to identify patterns and knowledge gaps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Imaging manifestations of fetal oral cavity immature teratoma included: (1) A large solid-cystic mass protruding from the fetal oropharynx, closely related to the maxilla and skull base; (2) CT revealed heterogeneous density within the tumor, with a predominantly cystic appearance and punctate calcifications within the solid component\u2014a feature more commonly associated with immature teratomas; (3) MRI demonstrated an irregular solid-cystic mass in the lesion\u2019s oropharyngeal region, with low signal intensity on T1WI, internal areas of mixed signal intensity, high signal intensity on T2WI, and restricted diffusion (high DWI signal) within the solid components, corresponding to immature neuroepithelial elements on histopathology. Pathological examination confirmed a Grade III immature teratoma with concurrent right temporal arachnoid cyst and meningocele.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immature teratoma occurring in the fetal oral cavity is a rare condition. Multimodal imaging with systematic description of tumor location, composition, calcification, and mass effect enables accurate prenatal diagnosis and differentiation from other oral masses. Concurrent intracranial abnormalities, though uncommon, warrant thorough evaluation. Understanding its clinical and imaging features can improve the level of diagnostic proficiency for this disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1738161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T04:44:12Z","timestamp":1778215452000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A case report and literature review on imaging manifestations of immature teratoma in fetal oral cavity with concurrent intracranial abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jieting","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Jinhua Central Hospital","place":["Jinhua, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaosheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Jinhua Central Hospital","place":["Jinhua, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Jinhua Central Hospital","place":["Jinhua, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiangfeng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Jinhua Central Hospital","place":["Jinhua, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"427","volume-title":"Pediatric ultrasound diagnosis","author":"Xia","year":"2001"},{"key":"B2","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of fetal teratoma","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.92","article-title":"Epignathus: always a simple teratoma? Report of an exceptional case with two additional fetiforme bodies","volume":"21","author":"Sarioglu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"1091","article-title":"A case of fetal oral teratoma","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Imaging"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26779","article-title":"Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal oral teratoma: a case report","volume":"5","author":"Lai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Maternal Child Health Electronic Edition"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"220","article-title":"Ultrasound manifestations of a case of fetal lingual teratoma","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin J Transpo Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050313X241275027","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqae129.306","article-title":"A fetus with a mass in the oral cavity: A rare case of large oral immature teratoma","volume":"12","author":"Anjum","year":"2024","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med Case Rep"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-013-3384-7","article-title":"Impact of the histological type on the prognosis of patients with prenatally diagnosed sacmeoceygeal teratomas: The results of a nationwide Japanese survey","volume":"29","author":"Yoneda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"B9","article-title":"Diagnostic value of ultrasound for fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000146006.46468.ef","article-title":"Congenital teratoma: a elinieopathologie study of 22 fetal and neonatal tumors","volume":"29","author":"Heerema-McKenney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-224.1","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of severe epignathus in a twin: case report and review of the literature","volume":"47","author":"Tonni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/12-222","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of a large epignathus teratoma using two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound: correlation with pathological findings","volume":"51","author":"Takagi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.183.2.1830493","article-title":"Oropharyngeal teratoma: prenatal diagnosis and assessment using sonography, MRI, and CT with management by ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure","volume":"183","author":"Morof","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1999.13040271.x","article-title":"Antenatal sonographic diagnosis of epignathus at 15 weeks of pregnancy","volume":"13","author":"Gull","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2001.00456.x","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of an epignathus: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Clement","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B16","volume-title":"Uhrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology","author":"Peter","year":"2000"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.03.016","article-title":"Tumor metrics and morphology predict poor prognosis in prenatally diagnosed sacrococcygeal teratoma: a 25 year experience at a single institution","volume":"48","author":"Shue","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2011.01.023","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis and follow up of giant sacrecoceygeal teratoma","volume":"50","author":"Aktepe Keskin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1738161\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T04:44:16Z","timestamp":1778215456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1738161\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1738161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1738161","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"article-number":"1738161"}}