{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T11:10:52Z","timestamp":1771931452005,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82203108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82203108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M722275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M722275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018904","name":"Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y-zai2021\/zd-0185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y-zai2021\/zd-0185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004001","name":"Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from mutations in the\n                    <jats:italic>NF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    tumor suppressor gene, predisposes affected individuals to diverse benign and malignant neoplasms. We herein report a rare case of a 61-year-old female NF1 patient presenting with a unique combination of four synchronous or metachronous tumors: a duodenal ampullary neuroendocrine tumor (NET, Grade 2), a high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the small intestine, a previously resected gastric leiomyoma, and cutaneous neurofibromas. Preoperative evaluation included endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, contrast-enhanced CT, and MRI, which localized the lesions and assessed their morphological features. The patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and partial small bowel resection, achieving complete tumor resection. Genetic testing identified a germline\n                    <jats:italic>NF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation (p.Y2182*). No adjuvant therapy was administered due to the absence of residual disease and actionable mutations. This case highlights the broad tumor spectrum in NF1 and underscores the importance of comprehensive imaging, multidisciplinary management, and genetic testing for optimal outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1738556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T05:35:08Z","timestamp":1770788108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Duodenal ampullary neuroendocrine tumor, high risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and gastric leiomyoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1: a rare case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongxin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, Guizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastric Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, 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