{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:41:09Z","timestamp":1772692869642,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extragonadal yolk sac tumors are exceedingly rare. This report describes a vaginal yolk sac tumor in an infant to highlight key diagnostic and therapeutic aspects and its inclusion in the differential diagnoses of unexplained vaginal masses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An 11-month-old girl presented with intermittent vaginal bleeding, initially misdiagnosed as a hematoma. Pathological examination confirmed yolk sac tumors. She underwent hysteroscopic resection and six cycles of PEB (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) chemotherapy. No recurrence occurred during the 12-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary vaginal yolk sac tumors are extremely rare and lack standardized treatment. Surgery combined with PEB chemotherapy proved effective in this case.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1759003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T05:26:07Z","timestamp":1772688367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary vaginal yolk sac tumor in an 11-month-old girl: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jiacheng","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Wuhan Children\u2018s Hospital Graduate Joint Training Base, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 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