{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:49:23Z","timestamp":1782103763079,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide, and age significantly influences prognosis. In July 2024, Luxembourg expanded BC screening programme (Programme Mammographie, PM), changing the eligible age from 50\u201369 to 45\u201374 years. This study assessed age-related BC prognosis before expansion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study analysed 3,003 women diagnosed with invasive BC in Luxembourg (2013\u20132018) using National Cancer Registry data. Patients were stratified into four age groups: &amp;lt;40, 40\u201349, 50\u201369, and \u226570 years. Tumour characteristics, treatment, and five-year overall survival (OS) were compared across groups using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Younger patients (&amp;lt;40 years) showed higher triple-negative tumours (24%, P&amp;lt;0.001) and chemotherapy use (78%). Five-year OS varied by age group, with the highest rates in women aged 40\u201349 (95.3%) and 50\u201369 (92.3%), followed by those &amp;lt;40 (91.0%), and lower survival in women \u226570 (65.4%) (P&amp;lt;0.001), a finding that partly reflects competing causes of mortality in this age group rather than BC prognosis alone. Screen-detected cases had better survival (95.8%). Advanced stage (hazard ratio [HR]=2.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.05\u20134.17) and triple-negative subtype (HR\u00a0=\u00a02.39, 95% CI: 1.69-3.38) linked to worse prognosis. Mastectomy (HR\u00a0=\u00a02.04) and absence of surgery (HR\u00a0=\u00a08.58) were associated with poorer survival, likely reflecting disease complexity rather than causal treatment effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age at diagnosis influences BC prognosis through distinct tumour characteristics, including molecular subtype, histology, clinical stage, and mode of detection, which collectively impact treatment and survival. Women aged 40\u201349 and 50\u201369 achieved the most favourable survival outcomes. Among women in the established screening target group (50\u201369 years), early detection through organised mammography was associated with particularly high survival, reinforcing the value of standardised early detection in this group. Younger patients presented with more aggressive tumour biology, while older patients showed lower OS, an estimate that substantially reflects competing causes of death, including cardiovascular disease and other malignancies, in addition to any BC-attributable mortality disadvantage. These findings establish a baseline for evaluating expanded PM and highlight the need for age-specific strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1763412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:32:57Z","timestamp":1782102777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-related prognoses in a Luxembourgish breast cancer cohort"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Allini","family":"Mafra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Registre National du Cancer du Luxembourg (RNC)","place":["Strassen, Luxembourg"]},{"name":"Public Health Expertise Unit (PHE), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)","place":["Strassen, Luxembourg"]},{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Group (EPICAN), Department of Precision Health (DoPH), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)","place":["Strassen, Luxembourg"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Couffignal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Registre National du Cancer du Luxembourg (RNC)","place":["Strassen, Luxembourg"]},{"name":"Public Health Expertise Unit (PHE), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)","place":["Strassen, Luxembourg"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 Aloisio da Costa","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Tocogynecology, Botucatu School of Medicine","place":["Botucatu, SP, Brazil"]},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital","place":["Barretos, SP, Brazil"]},{"name":"Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Muria\u00e9 Cancer Hospital","place":["Muria\u00e9, MG, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Duhem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier du Luxembourg, CHL Kriibszentrum, Department of Hemato-Oncology","place":["Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudine","family":"Backes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Registre National du Cancer du Luxembourg (RNC)","place":["Strassen, Luxembourg"]},{"name":"Public Health Expertise Unit (PHE), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)","place":["Strassen, Luxembourg"]},{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Group (EPICAN), Department of Precision Health (DoPH), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)","place":["Strassen, Luxembourg"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"European Cancer Information System (ECIS): Estimated cancer incidence and mortality 2026"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2022.08.010","article-title":"Current and future burden of breast cancer: Global statistics for 2020 and 2040","volume":"66","author":"Arnold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Global cancer observatory: cancer today","author":"Ferlay","year":"2024"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Factsheets \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques : Tumeurs solides invasives \u2013 Toutes localisations \u2013 Luxembourg, 2019","year":"2024"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102648","article-title":"Cancer mortality trends in Luxembourg: A 24-year descriptive study (1998-2021)","volume":"93","author":"Mafra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"B6","volume-title":"Le cancer au Luxembourg: incidence et mortalit\u00e9 2014\u20132021 \u2013 Rapport du Registre National du Cancer du Luxembourg \u2013 1re \u00c9dition","author":"Ngandjon","year":"2025"},{"key":"B7","article-title":"Breast cancer","volume-title":"Cancer epidemiology and prevention","author":"Brinton","year":"2018"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Physical activity, and breast cancer. 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