{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T05:06:03Z","timestamp":1780031163224,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis due to late diagnosis and early metastasis. The lack of robust biomarkers necessitates new strategies to stratify high-risk patients. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) is the gold standard for tissue acquisition. Concurrently, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) offer a non-invasive tool for prognostic assessment, specifically regarding the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The loss of E-cadherin and the expression of Vimentin are key hallmarks of this transition, facilitating a metastatic phenotype and CTC survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective, preliminary pilot study of 11 patients with advanced PDAC at onset aimed to investigate the expression of EMT markers in EUS-FNB tissue biopsies. Concurrently, we characterized EMT profiles across isolated PDAC CTCs comprising \u2014CD45\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      EPCAM\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD74\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , CD45\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      EPCAM\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD74\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and CD45\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      EPCAM\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD74\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      subpopulations\u2014from the same patients. The inclusion of CD74-positive cells was prioritized due to the role of CD74 not only as an invasive marker but also as a functional driver of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EUS-FNB was performed for histological diagnosis and IHC analysis of E-cadherin and Vimentin in 11 PDAC samples (grade G1\u2013G3). Concurrently, CTC subpopulations were isolated via immunomagnetic CD45 depletion and EpCAM\/CD74 enrichment. E-cadherin and Vimentin transcript levels in CTCs were then quantified using real-time PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 11 PDAC EUS-FNB biopsies, E-cadherin expression was absent in three cases, all of which were G3 tumors. The majority of samples (72.7%) exhibited low-to-moderate E-cadherin positivity. Regarding Vimentin, biopsies were generally negative, with the exception of small tumor cell clusters (&amp;lt;5%) identified in G3 samples. In contrast, E-cadherin transcripts were not detected in the corresponding CTC subpopulations. Vimentin expression was observed in the majority of CTC samples (81.8%), with nine cases showing moderate-to-high levels and the remaining two cases exhibiting faint expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our assay demonstrated a potentially favorable performance, highlighting distinct EMT expression between the primary tumor and CTCs. This baseline comparison of EMT markers in matched PDAC samples and CTCs underscores the significance of mesenchymal-invasive profiles, despite the limited cohort size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1770280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T04:50:41Z","timestamp":1780030241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: E-cadherin and Vimentin expression in advanced-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue and circulating tumor cells: preliminary results from a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Rapanotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomic Pathology, Department of Integrated Care Processes, Policlinico Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria 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