{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:44:35Z","timestamp":1782924275892,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the etiological characteristics, antimicrobial resistance patterns of infections during the neutropenic phase in acute leukemia (AL) patients, and to evaluate the diagnostic value of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical data from 142 AL patients in the neutropenic phase, admitted between July 2023 and July 2025, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into an infected group (n=63) and a non-infected group (n=79) according to the presence of hospital-acquired infections. Pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance were assessed in the infected group. Peripheral blood sTNF-R1 and IL-8 levels were measured within 24 hours after confirmed neutropenia and before antimicrobial therapy. Their diagnostic performance for concurrent infections was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital-acquired infections occurred in 63 patients (44.37%), with bloodstream infections (39.68%) and respiratory tract infections being the most frequent. A total of 71 non-duplicate bacterial strains were isolated, of which 45 (63.38%) were Gram-negative, predominantly Escherichia coli (14 strains, 19.72%), and 26 (36.62%) were Gram-positive, predominantly Staphylococcus aureus (10 strains, 14.08%). High resistance rates were observed to multiple antimicrobials, particularly ampicillin among Gram-negative bacteria and penicillin among Gram-positive bacteria. Compared with the non-infected group, the infected group had higher white blood cell counts, lower albumin levels, and a greater proportion of unfavorable cytogenetic prognosis (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). sTNF-R1 and IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the infected group (both P &amp;lt; 0.001). These biomarkers showed significant negative correlations with neutrophil and albumin levels, and positive correlations with white blood cell count (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.903 for sTNF-R1 and 0.910 for IL-8 individually, increasing to 0.932 when combined (P &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infections during the neutropenic phase in AL patients are predominantly caused by Gram-negative bacteria and exhibit substantial antimicrobial resistance. Elevated sTNF-R1 and IL-8 levels are associated with infection in this population. Combined detection of these biomarkers demonstrates good diagnostic performance and may serve as a useful tool for early screening of infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1780095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:47:18Z","timestamp":1782920838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pathogenic profiles and antimicrobial resistance in neutropenic acute leukemia patients: diagnostic potential of sTNF-R1 and IL-8"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Weihui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Weihui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Weihui, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Leukemia Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment in Xinxiang City","place":["Weihui, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Lymphoma Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment in Xinxiang City","place":["Weihui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Weihui, 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