{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T06:38:33Z","timestamp":1772087913716,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to characterize gynecologic cancers in radiation oncology practice and compare survival outcomes with those reported in countries exhibiting a high or very high human development index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review was conducted involving the medical records of all patients (n = 11,720) treated at our radiotherapy center between January 2012 and December 2022. Of these, 911 women with gynecologic cancers who underwent treatment and follow-up at our center were included in the analysis. Demographic, disease-related, and treatment-related characteristics, as well as relapse patterns and survival outcomes, were recorded and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gynecologic cancers (30%) ranked second among malignancies of women in radiation oncology, after breast cancer (35%). The two most common gynecologic cancers among all female malignancies in radiation oncology were corpus uteri cancer (20%, rank second after breast cancer) and cervical cancer (9%, rank third). With the exception of ovarian cancer, most gynecologic cancers were referred for radiotherapy at FIGO stages I\u2013II (75%, n = 680). Curative and adjuvant radiotherapy rates were 95% (n = 771) and 75% (n = 580), respectively. The most frequently administered radiotherapy technique was external beam radiotherapy combined with brachytherapy (53%, n = 419). The rate of brachytherapy application in gynecologic radiation oncology was 82%. Palliative radiotherapy was most commonly administered for ovarian cancer (57%) in gynecologic oncology. The primary indication for palliative RT was pain management (42%). Relapse predominantly occurred as distant metastases in corpus uteri and cervical cancers, whereas other gynecologic cancers commonly exhibited locoregional disease. Survival outcomes, except for vaginal cancer, were comparable to those reported in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gynecologic cancers constitute a substantial proportion of radiation oncology practice in women. Survival outcomes at our center largely align with those observed in countries exhibiting a high or very high human development index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1786400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T05:29:58Z","timestamp":1772083798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gynecologic radiation oncology practice: retrospective analysis of a tertiary radiotherapy referral center"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alparslan","family":"Serarslan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mert","family":"B\u00fcy\u00fckula\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bilge","family":"G\u00fcrsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nilg\u00fcn","family":"\u00d6zbek Okumu\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Meydan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Endometrial cancer.","author":"Creutzberg","year":"2021"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04155","article-title":"Global burden of gynaecological cancers in 2022 and projections to 2050","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.11.043","article-title":"Population, water, food, energy and dams","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renewable Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2017.28.e85","article-title":"Survival of gynecological cancers in Turkey: where are we at","volume":"6","author":"Gultekin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.19161\/etd.668351","article-title":"Epidemiological and overall survival characteristics of gynecologic cancers in Ege University Hospital database","author":"Haydaro\u011flu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ege J Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2022-1183","article-title":"Physician compliance with multidisciplinary tumor board recommendations for managing gynecological cancers","volume":"13","author":"Naessens","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"T\u00fcrky\u0131lmaz\n              M\n            \n            \n              Hamavio\u011flu\n              \u0130O\n            \n            \n              D\u00fcndar\n              S\n            \n            \n              Kavak Erg\u00fcn\n              A\n            \n            \n              Sevin\u00e7\n              A\n            \n            \n              T\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fc\n              S\n            \n          \n          Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye\n          Turkish Republic Ministry of Health\n          \n          2022"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"3","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.3967\/bes2024.133","article-title":"Long-term survival trend of gynecological cancer: A systematic review of population-based cancer registration data","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioMed Environ Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30395-X","article-title":"Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in women with high-risk endometrial cancer (PORTEC-3): patterns of recurrence and post-hoc survival analysis of a randomised phase 3 trial","volume":"20","author":"de Boer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/jcb.2020.94581","article-title":"One-week vaginal brachytherapy schedule as exclusive adjuvant post-operative treatment in intermediate- and high-intermediate-risk endometrial cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"De Sanctis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Contemp Brachytherapy"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2020.03.203","article-title":"Pattern of recurrence in patients with endometrial cancer: A retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Vizza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2023.06.016","article-title":"Uterine sarcomas: A critical review of the literature","volume":"287","author":"Giannini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.21116","article-title":"Correction of Funding information: The incidence and survival of cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer in Korea, 1999-2017: Korea Central Cancer Registry","volume":"4","author":"Ha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Sci"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2016-0204","article-title":"Optimizing local control in high-grade uterine sarcoma: adjuvant vaginal vault brachytherapy as part of a multimodal treatment","volume":"2","author":"Annede","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"B16","article-title":"Cervical cancer","volume-title":"Gunderson & Tepper\u2019s clinical radiation oncology","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2021"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2019.08.022","article-title":"Primary treatment patterns and survival of cervical cancer in Sweden: A population-based Swedish Gynecologic Cancer Group Study","volume":"2","author":"Bjurberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.08.008","article-title":"Outcomes and prognosis of patients with recurrent cervical cancer after radical hysterectomy","volume":"127","author":"Qiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2017.28.e34","article-title":"Randomized study between radical surgery and radiotherapy for the treatment of stage IB-IIA cervical cancer: 20-year update","volume":"28","author":"Landoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2147","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.2147","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 125I seed implantation in the treatment of pelvic recurrent cervical cancer following radiotherapy: A single-arm meta-analysis of chinese patients","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.21873\/cdp.10201","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and toxicity of CT-guided high dose-rate brachytherapy in women with locally-advanced cervical cancer","volume":"3","author":"De Sanctis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Diagn Progn"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-23-58","article-title":"Prognostic factors and clinic-pathologic characteristics of ovarian tumor with different histologic subtypes-a SEER database population study of 41,376 cases","volume":"8","author":"Shao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Cancer Res"},{"key":"B23","article-title":"Ovarian cancer","volume-title":"Gunderson & Tepper\u2019s clinical radiation oncology","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010006","article-title":"Ovarian cancer radiosensitivity: what have we understood so far","volume":"1","author":"Barcellini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.03.008","article-title":"Posttreatment surveillance and diagnosis of recurrence in women with gynecologic Malignancies: Society of Gynecologic Oncologists recommendations","volume":"6","author":"Salani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2022-004200","article-title":"Radiotherapy in recurrent ovarian cancer: updated results of involved-field radiation therapy","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8849039","article-title":"Survival analysis of radiation therapy in ovarian cancer: A SEER database analysis","volume":"2021","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Oncol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2120","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.2120","article-title":"Incidence trends of vulvar cancer in the United States: A 20-year population-based study","volume":"6","author":"Mousavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-016-2135-2","article-title":"Trends in surgery and outcomes of squamous cell vulvar cancer patients over a 16-year period (1998-2013): a population-based analysis","volume":"6","author":"Rottmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.03.008","article-title":"Vulvar carcinoma in Norway: A 50-year perspective on trends in incidence, treatment and survival","volume":"3","author":"Meltzer-Gunnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"B31","volume-title":"Cancers of the vulva and vagina","author":"Stone","year":"2021"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/tj.5000509","article-title":"Treatment results and prognostic factors of patients with vulvar cancer treated with postoperative or definitive radiotherapy","volume":"3","author":"Alanyali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2021.03.013","article-title":"Patterns of recurrence and survival in vulvar cancer: A nationwide population-based study","volume":"3","author":"Zach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2017.02.006","article-title":"Intensity modulated radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: Treatment technique and outcomes","volume":"2","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2024.10.005","article-title":"Surgery after upfront chemoradiation in locally advanced squamous cell vulvar cancer: Analysis of postoperative outcomes and survival","volume":"191","author":"Federico","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2021-002517","article-title":"Updates in the treatment of vaginal cancer","volume":"3","author":"Jhingran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2020.08.036","article-title":"Management and outcomes of primary vaginal Cancer","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-019-02264-y","article-title":"Outcomes of vaginal squamous cell carcinoma of patients treated with radiation therapy: a series of 37 patients from a single expert center","volume":"8","author":"Romano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30855-1","article-title":"Definitive radiotherapy with image-guided adaptive brachytherapy for primary vaginal cancer","volume":"3","author":"Westerveld","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2014.12.020","article-title":"Central nervous system metastasis in gynecologic cancer: symptom management, prognosis and palliative management strategies","volume":"3","author":"Walter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14050547","article-title":"Optimizing palliative pelvic radiotherapy in gynecological cancers: A systematic review and analysis","volume":"5","author":"Anghel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2020.08.011","article-title":"A retrospective study of rapid symptom response in bleeding gynecologic Malignancies with short course palliative radiation therapy: less is more","volume":"2","author":"Butala","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2011.01.001","article-title":"A hypofractionated radiotherapy regimen (0-7-21) for advanced gynaecological cancer patients","volume":"7","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.07.023","article-title":"Palliative radiotherapy in cancers of female genital tract: Outcomes and prognostic factors","volume":"175","author":"Kombathula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1786400\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T05:30:01Z","timestamp":1772083801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1786400\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1786400"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1786400","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"article-number":"1786400"}}