{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:43:25Z","timestamp":1782920605818,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are distinct B\u2212cell neoplasms whose synchronous occurrence is extremely rare. We report a case of a 68\u2212year\u2212old man presenting with fatigue and bone pain. Laboratory studies showed hyperglobulinemia (71.1 g\/L), severe normocytic anemia (hemoglobin 44 g\/L, MCV 79.5 fL), and thrombocytopenia. Serum immunofixation revealed dual IgG\u2212kappa and IgM\u2212kappa monoclonal proteins. Imaging showed diffuse osteolytic lesions in the skull and spine. Bone marrow flow cytometry identified two immunophenotypically distinct populations: CD19+\/CD20+\/CD5-\/CD10- B\u2212cells (34.1%) and CD138+\/CD38+\/cytoplasmic kappa+ plasma cells (4.5%). Next\u2212generation sequencing on unsorted whole bone marrow detected MYD88 c.779T&amp;gt;C (p.Leu260Pro, canonical L265P) with a variant allele frequency (VAF) of 40.00% and CXCR4 c.1013C&amp;gt;G (p.Ser338*) nonsense mutation with VAF 15.53%, confirming LPL. Although the clonal plasma cell percentage was below the traditional 10% threshold, the presence of unequivocal osteolytic lesions and severe anemia (CRAB criteria) supported a diagnosis of active MM. The patient was treated with zanubrutinib, bortezomib, and dexamethasone, achieving a partial response. This case strongly suggests that LPL and MM can coexist, but definitive proof of biclonality would require sorted\u2212cell molecular studies. We highlight the diagnostic challenges and the importance of integrating clinical, immunophenotypic, and molecular data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1789073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:34:59Z","timestamp":1782448499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Coexistence of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and multiple myeloma: a case report and review of literature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Qin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinxi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Ting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital \/ The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Yun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital \/ The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital \/ The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College","place":["Nanchang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200710","article-title":"MYD88 L265P somatic mutation in Waldenstr\u00f6m\u2019s macroglobulinemia","volume":"367","author":"Treon","year":"2012","journal-title":"N 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