{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:40:56Z","timestamp":1776692456132,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The incidence of secondary retroperitoneal lymph node tuberculosis (TB) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is relatively low, making it challenging to diagnose in clinical practice. This paper reports an AML patient who developed TB after chemotherapy, confirmed by positive T-SPOT results from the ultrasound-guided retroperitoneal lymph node biopsy. Eventually, the patient achieved negative conversion on T-SPOT test following individualized anti-TB treatment. This case highlights the necessity of the diagnosis of tuberculosis when infections occur in leukemia patients. Clinically, ultrasound-guided biopsy enables timely diagnosis, and favorable outcome can be attained by selecting an appropriate therapeutic regimen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1792938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:51:28Z","timestamp":1776689488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A case report of secondary retroperitoneal lymph node tuberculosis following chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia with literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yizhuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Clinical Medicine)","place":["Hangzhou, Zhangjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxia","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, Zhangjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fenglin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, Zhangjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingxia","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, Zhangjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, Zhangjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, Zhangjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27625","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia: 2025 update on diagnosis, risk\u2010stratification, and management","volume":"100","author":"Shimony","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11050492","article-title":"Diverse cell death mechanisms are simultaneously activated in macrophages infected by virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"11","author":"Lucero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathog (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001920","article-title":"American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for treating newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia in older adults","volume":"4","author":"Mikkael","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B4","article-title":"World Health Organization.WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 3: Diagnosis","volume-title":"World health organization","year":"2025"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112338-20240812-00497","article-title":"Analysis of the trend in the burden of tuberculosis in China from 1990 to 2021","volume":"46","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2019.04.005","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: Recent progress and enduring challenges","volume":"36","author":"Rory","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16718\/j.1009-7708.2019.03.003","article-title":"Clinical cases of tuberculosis in leukemia patients in China: an analysis","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2013.12.020","article-title":"Clinical research progress of hematological Malignancies complicated with active tuberculosis","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin J Hematol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10245330600915818","article-title":"Tuberculosis in acute leukemia: a clinico-hematological profile","volume":"11","author":"Pravas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hematol (Amsterdam Netherlands)"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1001-6678.2024.04.041","article-title":"The practical value of tuberculosis antibodies, tuberculosis infection T cell spot test (TSPOT. TB), sputum smear, and sputum culture in the combined diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ind Microbiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00114810","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b3 release assays for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Sester","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16781\/j.CN31-2187\/R.20211293","article-title":"Lymphocyte leukemia misdiagnosed as spinal cord tuberculosis with positive T cell spot test: a case report","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acad J Naval Med Univ"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7077","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S388568","article-title":"Diagnostic efficacy of T-SPOT.TB for active tuberculosis in adult: a retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infection Drug Resistance"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-5876(00)82006-6","article-title":"Cervical lymphadenitis due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria: surgical treatment and review","volume":"53","author":"Flint","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngology"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2016.0353","article-title":"Use of core biopsy in diagnosing cervical lymphadenopathy: a viable alternative to surgical excisional biopsy of lymph nodes","volume":"99","author":"Allin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surgeons Engl"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-8467.2021.04.012","article-title":"Value of ultrasound-guided biopsy in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fudan Univ J Med Sci"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-5412.2017.04.010","article-title":"Clinical analysis of acute leukemia complicated with tuberculosis after chemotherapy","volume":"30","author":"Zuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2024.14734","article-title":"Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with active pulmonary tuberculosis with venetoclax-based anti-acute myeloid leukemia regimen combined with an intensive and then individualized anti-tuberculosis regimen: a report of two cases","volume":"28","author":"Ji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1180757","article-title":"A case report of complete remission of acute myeloid leukemia combined with DNMT3A, FLT3-TKD, and IDH2 gene mutations and active pulmonary tuberculosis treated with homeharringtonine + venetoclax + azacytidine","volume":"10","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-017-0875-z","article-title":"Analysis of clinical profile and outcome of tuberculosis in patients with acute leukemia","volume":"34","author":"Jain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Hematol Blood Transfusion"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2013.07.003","article-title":"Clinical analysis of 44 cases of leukemia complicated with active tuberculosis-a single-center report","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin J Hematol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-16-0313","article-title":"Efficacy and biological correlates of response in a phase 2 study of venetoclax monotherapy in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia","volume":"6","author":"Konopleva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2012971","article-title":"Azacitidine and venetoclax in previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"383","author":"DiNardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01911","article-title":"Azacitidine, venetoclax, and gilteritinib in newly diagnosed and relapsed or refractory FLT3-mutated AML","volume":"42","author":"Nicholas","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2020.01.011","article-title":"Adverse drug reaction prevalence and mechanisms of action of first-line anti-tubercular drugs","volume":"28","author":"Imam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm Journal: Off Publ Saudi Pharm Soc"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.04.020","article-title":"A case of severe myelosuppression caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs and literature review on this issue","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Antituberculosis"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.6520-20","article-title":"Isoniazid-induced immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"60","author":"Kuwabara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Internal Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14009\/j.issn.1672-2124.2025.05.021","article-title":"Occurrence and influencing factors of adverse drug reactions related to anti-tuberculosis drugs in 365 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"25","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eval Anal Drug-Use Hospitals China"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-1533.2021.21.004","article-title":"Interaction and rational use of antituberculosis drugs","volume":"42","author":"Lei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Shanghai Med Pharm J"},{"key":"B30","volume-title":"The diagnostic value of T-SPOT.TB in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients with high risk factors and the influencing factors of its diagnostic accuracy","author":"Fang","year":"2023"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7764","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07785-6","article-title":"Analysis of factors influencing diagnostic accuracy of T-SPOT.TB for active tuberculosis in clinical practice","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1792938\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:51:37Z","timestamp":1776689497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1792938\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1792938"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1792938","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"article-number":"1792938"}}