{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:51:18Z","timestamp":1780066278531,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence and influencing factors of surgical site infection(SSI) in oral cancer were investigated through meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The search was conducted from inception until April 2024 in databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library using a combination of subject terms and keywords. Observational studies (cohort and case-control) investigating the incidence and influencing factors of SSI in patients with oral cancer were included for data collection. Quality assessment was performed, followed by extraction and analysis of valid data using Stata 17.0 software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pooled incidence of SSI was 29% (95% CI: 25%\u201333%) with substantial heterogeneity. Factors associated with SSI included radiotherapy, mandibulectomy, diabetes, ASA classification, operative time, reconstructive surgery, transfusion, neck dissection, and albumin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These factors were associated with SSI in oral cancer patients and may help identify high-risk individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD42024539962.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1796067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T04:42:10Z","timestamp":1778215330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence and influencing factors of surgical site infection in patients with oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xin-Ya","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie-Bin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Mei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Li","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Affiliated Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580231162549","article-title":"Global incidence of surgical site infection among patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Mengistu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd006205.pub5","article-title":"Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: Surgical treatment","volume":"8","author":"Worthington","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2021.07.006","article-title":"Surgical site infections","volume":"35","author":"Seidelman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.2.219","article-title":"Perioperative complications, comorbidities, and survival in oral or oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"129","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngology\u2013Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2209\/tdcpublication.2018-0069","article-title":"Investigation of surgical site infections and bacteria detected following neck dissection in patients with oral cancer","volume":"61","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull Tokyo Dent Coll"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)31146-8","article-title":"Oral diseases: A global public health challenge","volume":"394","author":"Peres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Stang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-024-00417-w","article-title":"Impact of skeletal muscle mass on postoperative complications in oral cancer surgery","volume":"46","author":"Fujii","year":"2024","journal-title":"Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/7525831","article-title":"Frequency and risk factors of surgical site infection among Sudanese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"2024","author":"Elfayeg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-23-1150","article-title":"Risk factors for the occurrence of infection in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma after restorative reconstruction and its impact on recurrence and quality of life: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trans Cancer Res"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2022.01.009","article-title":"Preoperative nutritional evaluation, surgical site infection, and prognosis in patients with oral cancer","volume":"134","author":"Hiraoka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26799","article-title":"Predictors of surgical site infection and pneumonia following oral cavity tumor surgery","volume":"43","author":"Karthik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520944072","article-title":"Risk factors for surgical site infection after major oral oncological surgery: The experience of a tertiary referral hospital in China","volume":"48","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.09.011","article-title":"Impact of sarcopenia on postoperative surgical site infections in patients undergoing flap reconstruction for oral cancer","volume":"49","author":"Nakamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.12.028","article-title":"Risk factors for surgical site infection in patients undergoing free and pedicled myocutaneous flap reconstruction after oral cancer resection","volume":"77","author":"Makiguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30494","article-title":"Impact of skeletal muscle mass volume on surgical site infection in free flap reconstruction for oral cancer","volume":"39","author":"Makiguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-5035-z","article-title":"Factors contributing to surgical site infection in patients with oral cancer undergoing microvascular free flap reconstruction","volume":"275","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.11.003","article-title":"Multivariate analysis of risk factors for postoperative wound infection following oral and oropharyngeal cancer surgery","volume":"46","author":"Belusic-Gobic","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-017-0206-2","article-title":"Surgical site infections following oral cavity cancer resection and reconstruction is a risk factor for plate exposure","volume":"46","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7518\/hxkq.2016.02.014","article-title":"Study of the risk factors of postoperative surgical site infection in geriatric patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2016.09.013","article-title":"Surgical site infection in clean-contaminated wounds after multimodal treatment of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"44","author":"Eder-Czembirek","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12232","article-title":"Postoperative hypoalbuminemia as a risk factor for surgical site infection after oral cancer surgery","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.10.019","article-title":"Surgical site infection in elderly oral cancer patients: Is the evaluation of comorbid conditions helpful in the identification of high-risk ones","volume":"70","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1709-5","article-title":"The association between surgical site infection and previous operation in oral cavity cancer patients","volume":"269","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-010-0853-6","article-title":"Oral health care reduces the risk of postoperative surgical site infection in inpatients with oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Sato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Supportive Care Cancer"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21560","article-title":"Surgical site infection after preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-010-0108-y","article-title":"Analysis of risk factors for surgical-site infections in 276 oral cancer surgeries with microvascular free-flap reconstructions at a single university hospital","volume":"16","author":"Karakida","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000249737.05840.29","article-title":"Risk factors for wound infection after surgery in primary oral cavity cancer patients","volume":"117","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.01.004","article-title":"Administrative coding data, compared with CDC\/NHSN criteria, are poor indicators of health care-associated infections","volume":"36","author":"Stevenson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.5540940111","article-title":"Antimicrobial prophylaxis for contaminated head and neck surgery","volume":"94","author":"Johnson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4801.2005.00079.x","article-title":"Radiotherapy and wound healing","volume":"2","author":"Dormand","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.01.016","article-title":"Elective neck dissection in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Past, present and future","volume":"90","author":"de Bree","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2008.10.005","article-title":"Risk factors of postoperative infection in head and neck surgery","volume":"36","author":"Ogihara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100x-1153","article-title":"Head and neck reconstruction with pedicled flaps in the free flap era","volume":"36","author":"Mahieu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25885","article-title":"Postoperative infection predicts poor survival in locoregionally advanced oral cancer","volume":"41","author":"Mascarella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0278-2391(03)00730-4","article-title":"Marginal and segmental mandibulectomy in patients with oral cancer: A statistical analysis of 106 cases","volume":"61","author":"Mu\u00f1oz Guerra","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3372-0","article-title":"Risk factors of recipient site infection in head and neck cancer patients undergoing pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction","volume":"272","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-3498-8","article-title":"Statistical analysis of surgical site infection after head and neck reconstructive surgery","volume":"21","author":"Kamizono","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.02.007","article-title":"Duration of operation as a risk factor for surgical site infection: Comparison of English and US data","volume":"63","author":"Leong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2023.67","article-title":"Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 update","volume":"44","author":"Calderwood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gox.0000000000003472","article-title":"Standardization and selection of high-risk patients for surgical wound infections in plastic surgery","volume":"9","author":"Starnoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2010.494336","article-title":"Effect of perioperative immuno-enhanced enteral nutrition on inflammatory response, nutritional status, and outcomes in head and neck cancer patients undergoing major surgery","volume":"62","author":"Felekis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90185-x","article-title":"Low-protein-concentration ascitic fluid is predisposed to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"91","author":"Runyon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.26226\/morressier.578e3b4dd462b80292381f7d","article-title":"Risk factors for wound infection after oral cancer surgery","volume":"43","author":"Belusic-Gobic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2004.08.011","article-title":"Multivariate analysis of risk factors for wound infection in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma surgery with opening of mucosa. Study of 260 surgical procedures","volume":"41","author":"Penel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.22470","article-title":"The value of perioperative antibiotics on the success of oral free flap reconstructions","volume":"35","author":"M\u00fccke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1796067\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T04:42:19Z","timestamp":1778215339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1796067\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1796067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1796067","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"article-number":"1796067"}}