{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:32:52Z","timestamp":1791502372418,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is a rare intraocular malignancy for which the optimal therapeutic strategy remains controversial, largely due to the disease\u2019s rarity and considerable heterogeneity in treatment approaches across medical centers. While some studies suggest that combined systemic chemotherapy may prevent central nervous system progression in PVRL, others have failed to confirm such benefits, particularly given the severe treatment-related toxicities associated with intensive regimens. Although agents such as lenalidomide and Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase(BTK) inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in relapsed\/refractory (R\/R)PVRL, their role in treatment-na\u00efve patients remains unclear. Herein, we retrospectively report the efficacy and safety of Orelabrutinib and rituximab combined with intravitreal methotrexate(MTX) in a patient with PVRL. The patient received this regimen as first-line treatment, which led to rapid improvement in visual acuity and intraocular tumor control in all affected eyes. Interleukin-10, a well-established biomarker for vitreoretinal lymphoma, decreased to normal levels after five months of therapy. The treatment was well-tolerated, with no reported adverse events. In conclusion, the combination of Orelabrutinib, rituximab, and intravitreal MTX is a feasible therapeutic strategy for PVRL. Our findings may contribute to a potential paradigm shift in the management of this rare disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1800529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T04:19:10Z","timestamp":1775103550000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Orelabrutinib and rituximab regimen combined with intravitreal methotrexate for treatment of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Xi\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital (Xi\u2019an Fourth Hospital)","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiyun","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Xi\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital (Xi\u2019an Fourth Hospital)","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Xi\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital (Xi\u2019an Fourth Hospital)","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Xi\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital (Xi\u2019an Fourth Hospital)","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2013.835427","article-title":"More than a masquerade syndrome: atypical presentations of vitreoretinal lymphomas","volume":"22","author":"AlQahtani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol 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