{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:33:22Z","timestamp":1792704802487,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic inflammation is closely linked to tumor progression and immune dysfunction. Simple blood-derived immune-inflammatory indices may provide cost-effective prognostic stratification for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA 2020 and was registered in PROSPERO. Electronic databases, including Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, were queried from inception until May 2025. Eligibility was restricted to research comparing high and low strata of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and ratios of neutrophils or platelets to lymphocytes, provided they reported survival outcomes (OS and\/or PFS) via hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Random-effects models were applied according to heterogeneity; subgroup, sensitivity, and publication-bias analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>36 studies involving 10,325 patients with mCRPC were included. Elevated NLR was associated with worse OS (pooled HR\u00a0=\u00a01.77, 95% CI 1.59\u20131.97) and PFS (pooled HR\u00a0=\u00a01.51, 95% CI 1.31\u20131.75). Higher PLR predicted shorter OS (pooled HR\u00a0=\u00a01.57, 95% CI 1.35\u20131.84) and PFS (pooled HR\u00a0=\u00a01.45, 95% CI 1.13\u20131.87). Higher LMR was associated with improved OS (pooled HR\u00a0=\u00a00.45, 95% CI 0.31\u20130.67), while higher SII predicted worse OS (pooled HR\u00a0=\u00a02.22, 95% CI 1.86\u20132.66). Subgroup analyses (where feasible) supported the robustness of NLR\/PLR associations across several clinical strata, though some subgroups were limited by small numbers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood-based immune-inflammatory indices (NLR, PLR, SII, LMR) are significantly associated with survival outcomes in mCRPC. These readily available markers may aid risk stratification and inform individualized management, while prospective validation and standardized cut-offs remain needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=1291003<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD420261291003.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1806929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T04:28:25Z","timestamp":1777264105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immune-inflammation index as prognostic markers in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zitong","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runzhang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suoshi","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenhao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-024-01215-2","article-title":"Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Advances in treatment and symptom management","volume":"25","author":"Kulasegaran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-051517-011947","article-title":"Treatment of advanced prostate cancer","volume":"70","author":"Teo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2107322","article-title":"Lutetium-177-PSMA-617 for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"385","author":"Sartor","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2023.100962","article-title":"Current therapy and drug resistance in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"68","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Resist Update"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.02.016","article-title":"The evolving tumor microenvironment: From cancer initiation to metastatic outgrowth","volume":"41","author":"de Visser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115421","article-title":"Inflammation-induced tumorigenesis and metastasis","volume":"22","author":"Hibino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-27542-2","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts nodal involvement in unfavourable, clinically nonmetastatic prostate cancer patients and overall survival in pN1 patients","volume":"13","author":"Zapa\u0142a","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju124","article-title":"Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Templeton","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-020-0209-3","article-title":"Revealing the prognostic landscape of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111936","article-title":"Association of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with clinical outcomes in cancer immunotherapy: An evidence synthesis from 30 meta-analyses","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1655520","article-title":"Prognostic value of platelet to lymphocyte ratio in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Ying","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.350","article-title":"The role of platelets in the regulation of tumor growth and metastasis: the mechanisms and targeted therapy","volume":"4","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"MedComm (2020)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-14-0442","article-title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-023-01035-y","article-title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis and responsiveness to immunotherapy in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Kou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2015.10.003","article-title":"Prognostic value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in patients with solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Nishijima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31222\/osf.io\/v7gm2","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05550-6","article-title":"The prognostic power of inflammatory indices and clinical factors in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with radium-223 (BIO-Ra study)","volume":"49","author":"Bauckneht","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/publications14010004","article-title":"The Newcastle\u2013Ottawa scale for assessing the quality of studies in systematic reviews","volume":"14","author":"Gualdi-Russo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Publications"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Stang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020380","article-title":"The role of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio for survival outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone","volume":"18","author":"Boegemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.27133","article-title":"A prognostic score for overall survival in patients treated with abiraterone in the pre- and post-chemotherapy setting","volume":"10","author":"Boegemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186x.2016.1260772","article-title":"Prognostic impact of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with first-line docetaxel","volume":"56","author":"Buttigliero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2018.06.004","article-title":"Prognostic factors of oncologic outcomes in metastatic chemotherapy-na\u00efve castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide in actual clinical practice in East Asia","volume":"36","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08405-3","article-title":"Integration of circulating tumor cell and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio to identify high-risk metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients","volume":"21","author":"Chong","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158952","article-title":"Persistent neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio >3 during treatment with enzalutamide and clinical outcome in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"11","author":"Conteduca","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2018.01.007","article-title":"Association among metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and survival in prostate cancer","volume":"36","author":"Conteduca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1200\/po.18.00302","article-title":"Multimodal approach to outcome prediction in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer by integrating functional imaging and plasma DNA analysis","volume":"3","author":"Conteduca","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuroe.2020.11.009","article-title":"Inflammatory markers as prognostic factors in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"44","author":"Donate-Moreno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S270392","article-title":"PSA kinetics as prognostic markers of overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone acetate","volume":"12","author":"Espa\u00f1a","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1569-9056(18)31449-0","article-title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts the combined clinical outcome after sequential therapy with abiraterone and docetaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients","volume":"78","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-020-00759-1","article-title":"Efficacy, prognostic factors, and safety profile of enzalutamide for non-metastatic and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a retrospective single-center analysis in Japan","volume":"15","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Target Oncol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000027361","article-title":"Baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is associated with outcomes in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with docetaxel in South China","volume":"100","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1569-9056(18)31451-9","article-title":"Optimal sequencing strategy using docetaxel and androgen receptor axis-targeted agents in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer: utilization of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio","volume":"37","author":"Koo","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2013.04.020","article-title":"Glasgow prognostic score as a prognostic factor in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Linton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Genitourin Cancer"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00376","article-title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts the clinical outcome in patients with mCRPC treated with abiraterone","volume":"7","author":"Lolli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu587","article-title":"Baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with survival and response to treatment with second-line chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer independent of baseline steroid use","volume":"26","author":"Lorente","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-019-02265-4","article-title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index, serum albumin, and fibrinogen impact prognosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with first-line docetaxel","volume":"51","author":"Man","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359221100022","article-title":"Neutropenia, neutrophilia, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic markers in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"14","author":"Meisel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-04220-w","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory biomarkers as predictive and prognostic factors in men with metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer treated with docetaxel therapy: a comprehensive analysis in a German real-world cohort","volume":"149","author":"Neuberger","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12531","article-title":"Association of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with first-line docetaxel","volume":"114","author":"Nuhn","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2018-0635","article-title":"The hematologic parameters in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone acetate","volume":"15","author":"Onal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-017-1524-z","article-title":"Prognostic factors of first-line docetaxel treatment in castration-resistant prostate cancer: roles of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients from Northwestern China","volume":"49","author":"Pei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/s2724-6051.21.04186-2","article-title":"Prognostic role of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide","volume":"73","author":"Pisano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerva Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035843","article-title":"Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, and pan-immune-inflammation value in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients who underwent 177Lu-PSMA-617","volume":"102","author":"\u015eahin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-025-04389-2","article-title":"Prognostic factors for overall survival in castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer treated with docetaxel (MeProCSS): results from a German real-world cohort","volume":"57","author":"Steffens","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2014.03.005","article-title":"Prognostic impact of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"12","author":"Sonpavde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Genitourin Cancer"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28890","article-title":"Simple prognostic score for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with incorporation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio","volume":"120","author":"Templeton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7538647","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts prognosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients who received cabazitaxel chemotherapy","volume":"2017","author":"Uemura","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02084-3","article-title":"The prognostic role of systemic immune-inflammation index, SII, in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients","volume":"16","author":"Uzun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov Oncol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu569","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic biomarker for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy: data from two randomized phase III trials","volume":"26","author":"van Soest","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100241","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1911206","article-title":"Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with cabazitaxel versus abiraterone or enzalutamide in the CARD study","volume":"6","author":"de Wit","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_34_17","article-title":"PSA time to nadir as a prognostic factor of first-line docetaxel treatment in castration-resistant prostate cancer: evidence from patients in Northwestern China","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23969","article-title":"Prognostic value of an inflammatory index for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"80","author":"Yamada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15052","article-title":"Efficacy of cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a single-center study in Japan","volume":"30","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.11.020","article-title":"Prognostic role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of results from multivariate analysis","volume":"60","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-024-01685-4","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy: a meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07410-2","article-title":"A high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a poor prognostic factor for castration-resistant prostate cancer patients who undergo abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide treatment","volume":"20","author":"Kawahara","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ju.0000000000003257.10","article-title":"Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving prostate-specific membrane antigen targeted radionuclide therapy","volume":"83","author":"Stangl-Kremser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao4227","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps produced during inflammation awaken dormant cancer cells in mice","volume":"361","author":"Albrengues","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.101","article-title":"The immune contexture in cancer prognosis and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Fridman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-021-00442-8","article-title":"Epidemiology and genomics of prostate cancer in Asian men","volume":"18","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2020.10.003","article-title":"Molecular pathology of prostate cancer: a practical approach","volume":"53","author":"Vlajnic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2281","article-title":"Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for breast cancer patients: an updated meta-analysis of 17079 individuals","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0760-3","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages in tumor metastasis: biological roles and clinical therapeutic applications","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1052943","article-title":"Revealing the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with different stage prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-03924-y","article-title":"Prognostic value of the pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4103\/tjem.tjem_198_23","article-title":"Unraveling the clinical significance and prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, systemic inflammation response index, and delta neutrophil index: an extensive literature review","volume":"24","author":"Islam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Turk J Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1806929\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T04:28:26Z","timestamp":1777264106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1806929\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1806929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1806929","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"article-number":"1806929"}}