{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:02:51Z","timestamp":1780470171955,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify, evaluate, and summarize the best available evidence regarding the self - management behaviors of vaginal irrigation in patients undergoing radiotherapy for cervical cancer, in order to inform clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and major Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang Data, SinoMed) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on vaginal irrigation self - management in this patient population from the start until August 12, 2025. Although a search for high - level evidence such as guidelines and systematic reviews was planned, none met the inclusion criteria. Two researchers independently performed literature screening, quality assessment, and data extraction. The included evidence was graded, and recommendations were generated using the JBI (2014) evidence pre - grading and recommendation system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 23 RCTs were included. The best evidence was synthesized into 12 key recommendations across four domains: individualized management strategies, systematic health education, innovative supervision and promotion methods, and psychological and environmental support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence from this review supports conditional recommendations (Grade B) for vaginal irrigation self - management, given the high risk of bias in the included RCTs. Healthcare professionals may consider these suggestions while integrating clinical expertise and patient preferences. Systematic, nurse - led management protocols tailored to local contexts may enhance adherence and reduce complications, pending higher - quality confirmatory research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1807898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:06:15Z","timestamp":1780466775000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Systematic review of self-management practices for vaginal irrigation among cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhe","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajie","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Cervical cancer\n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B2","article-title":"Current status and trends of Malignant tumor incidence in China","volume":"32","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin J Bases Clinics Gen Surg"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2021.11.009","article-title":"Radiotherapy of cervical cancer","volume":"26","author":"Chargari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Radiother"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2023.0062","article-title":"NCCN guidelines insights: cervical cancer, version 1.2024","volume":"21","author":"Abu-Rustum","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc 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edition)","volume":"34","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin J Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2022.03.06","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer (2022 edition)","volume":"44","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Oncol"},{"key":"B10","article-title":"Impact analysis of vaginal irrigation health education in cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Foreign Women's Health Res"},{"key":"B11","article-title":"Application of innovative vaginal irrigator in patients with advanced cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mod Nurse"},{"key":"B12","article-title":"Effect of WeChat combined with precision nursing intervention on rehabilitation of cervical cancer patients undergoing IMRT","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Psychosomatic Dis"},{"key":"B13","article-title":"Study on the effect of telephone follow-up on vaginal irrigation compliance in cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"key":"B14","article-title":"Application of comfort nursing combined with psychological intervention in brachytherapy for cervical cancer","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Ration Drug Use"},{"key":"B15","first-page":"27","article-title":"Application of continuous nursing based on WeChat follow-up platform in cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy","volume":"49","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qinghai Med J"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cbo9780511691799.012","article-title":"Study on the effect of WeChat follow-up on home vaginal irrigation compliance in cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Med Pharm"},{"key":"B17","first-page":"29","article-title":"Effect of distance care model on home vaginal irrigation compliance in cervical cancer patients after radiotherapy","volume":"18","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhejiang Med Educ"},{"key":"B18","first-page":"27","article-title":"Effect of knowledge-attitude-practice model on improving vaginal irrigation compliance in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer after radiotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Integr Chin Western Med Nurs"},{"key":"B19","article-title":"Application of project management in improving regular vaginal irrigation rate in hospitalized cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nurs"},{"key":"B20","article-title":"Effect study of vaginal irrigation nursing after precise radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer","volume":"28","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Hemorheol"},{"key":"B21","article-title":"Application of humanistic nursing in vaginal irrigation for patients with advanced cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Ju","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen Nurs"},{"key":"B22","article-title":"Effect of continuous nursing on vaginal adhesion in cervical cancer patients after discharge undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electronic J Clin Med Literat"},{"key":"B23","article-title":"Application study of comfort nursing combined with psychological intervention in brachytherapy patients with cervical cancer","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod Nurse"},{"key":"B24","article-title":"Effect of WeChat follow-up on home vaginal irrigation compliance and sexual life recovery in cervical cancer patients undergoing 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chemotherapy","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin Nurs Res"},{"key":"B29","article-title":"Application of network information platform for continuous care in patients with advanced cervical cancer","volume":"17","author":"Ji","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Latest Med Inf"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2006.01311.x","article-title":"Evaluation of an education programme for Chinese women receiving internal radiation for uterine cervical cancer","volume":"15","author":"So","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"B31","article-title":"JBI evidence pre-classification and evidence recommendation level system (2014 version)","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nurses Training"},{"key":"B32","article-title":"Evaluation of the implementation effect of innovative vaginal irrigator in patients with advanced cervical cancer undergoing 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Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1807898\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:06:19Z","timestamp":1780466779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1807898\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1807898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1807898","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"article-number":"1807898"}}