{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:29:28Z","timestamp":1777951768254,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues recognizes acute erythroid leukemia as a distinct entity under myeloid neoplasms. Erythroblastic sarcoma, also known as extramedullary erythroid sarcoma, is defined as a rare extramedullary tumor composed of erythroid precursors, typically occurring outside the bone marrow. While both entities involve immature erythroid precursors and share similar histology, acute erythroid leukemia is a systemic marrow-based leukemia, whereas erythroblastic sarcoma is a localized mass-forming lesion. Since these entities can overlap morphologically with other clinically distinct myeloid malignancies and myelodysplastic syndrome, it is fundamental to characterize them genetically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report a rare and diagnostic challenging case of a 2-year-old boy with erythroid sarcoma characterized by extensive extramedullary involvement, including mediastinum, gastrointestinal tract, pleura\/peritoneum, bilateral kidneys, and lymph nodes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The patient achieved a sustained complete remission following standard acute myeloid leukemia-like therapy with consolidative allogenic stem cell transplant. An\n                      <jats:italic>NFIA::CBFA2T3<\/jats:italic>\n                      chimeric fusion was found in the tumor genome. Since such a fusion transcript has been identified only in cases of pediatric erythroleukemia\/erythroid sarcomas, we propose that it may characterize a molecularly defined subgroup of leukemias. The patient is in full remission with no signs of graft-versus-host disease twenty-eight months after the transplant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1809156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:47:50Z","timestamp":1777891670000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The NFIA::CBFA2T3 identifies a molecularly defined subgroup of acute erythroid leukemia\/erythroid sarcoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital","place":["Oslo, Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Department of 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