{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T05:11:36Z","timestamp":1779253896441,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      BRAF\n                      <jats:sup>V600E<\/jats:sup>\n                      mutations occur in approximately 0.4% of gastric cancer (GC) cases and are associated with aggressive disease and limited therapeutic options. Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the standard first-line treatment for this rare molecular subtype, while evidence-based targeted strategies are lacking. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have emerged as a functional platform for precision oncology, but their clinical utility in BRAF\n                      <jats:sup>V600E<\/jats:sup>\n                      -mutant GC remains largely unexplored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A patient with rapidly progressive BRAF\n                      <jats:sup>V600E<\/jats:sup>\n                      -mutant metastatic GC presented with mediastinal invasion and malignant pleural effusion, posing a diagnostic challenge in distinguishing metastatic GC from a primary thoracic malignancy. Concordant histopathologic and genomic profiling across multiple tumor sites ultimately confirmed a gastric origin. Despite standard chemotherapy and immunotherapy, the disease progressed rapidly. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were established from malignant pleural effusion and used for functional drug sensitivity testing, which demonstrated marked sensitivity to dual BRAF-MEK inhibition. Based on these findings, the patient was treated with dabrafenib plus trametinib, resulting in prompt symptomatic improvement and radiologic regression of pleural effusion and ascites, consistent with PDO-predicted response.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This case suggests that dual BRAF-MEK inhibition may represent a feasible precision treatment option for patients with BRAF\n                      <jats:sup>V600E<\/jats:sup>\n                      -mutant GC lacking established targeted therapies. Moreover, it highlights the potential role of PDOs as a functional decision-support platform for guiding individualized treatment selection in rare, genomically defined GC subtypes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1813652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T04:48:37Z","timestamp":1779252517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Patient-derived organoids guiding dabrafenib\u2013trametinib therapy in BRAFV600E-mutant metastatic gastric cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Caifeng","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College","place":["Beijing, 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