{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T05:16:07Z","timestamp":1783055767897,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessment of disease-free survival (DFS) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) using habitat analysis of preoperative DCE-MRI subtraction maps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study retrospectively collected consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed triple-negative breast cancer from January 2019 to January 2025 at our institution for evaluation. Ratio maps of [(peak enhancement-unenhanced period)\/unenhanced ROI] for wash-in ratio map, [(peak enhancement-delayed period)\/enhanced ROI] for washout ratio map were obtained by DCE subtraction maps. Habitat was calculated based on the clustering of the two subtraction maps ratio maps, and intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) was calculated based on the proportion of each cluster. Recurrence of TNBC was determined using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for TNBC recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 145 patients with triple-negative breast cancer were finally enrolled, of whom 29 patients experienced recurrence. The results of DCE habitat analysis showed that the habitat ITH was higher in the high-risk recurrence group than that in the low-risk recurrence group (0.59\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.14 vs. 0.42\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.22,\n                      <jats:italic>P&amp;lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.001). In the ROC curve for diagnosis of triple-negative breast cancer recurrence, the AUC for habitat ITH was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.616-0.805,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05). Habitat ITH (HR 1.465,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a00.013) was an independent predictor of poorer DFS in multivariable analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Habitat analysis of preoperative DCE-MRI subtraction maps contributes to the prognostic assessment of TNBC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1820642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T04:21:22Z","timestamp":1783052482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A study on the prognostic assessment of triple-negative breast cancer using habitat analysis of preoperative DCE-MRI subtraction 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