{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T13:15:50Z","timestamp":1783430150249,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":375,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Breast cancer is a primary cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally. Timely diagnosis of breast cancer with effective treatment helps reduce mortality. Over the years, extensive research has linked oxidative stress, which results from the imbalance in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and antioxidant homeostasis, to the formation of cancer cells. Oxidative stress can lead to carcinogenesis through its ability to alter genetic material (DNA), affect cellular signalling pathways and cell cycle regulation, promote angiogenesis and metastasis. Antioxidants are defence systems used to counteract ROS, thus ensuring ROS homeostasis in a cell. Examples of endogenous antioxidants include glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Antioxidants can be obtained exogenously from plant sources or the diet. Examples of dietary antioxidants\u2019 sources include curcumin, brassinosteroids, gallocatechins, resveratrol, etc. Chemotherapy has some undesirable side effects which can negatively affect the quality of life of breast cancer patients, natural plant-based products rich in antioxidants have been shown to mitigate these side effects and therefore improve patients\u2019 quality of life. Various plants have been studied, and compounds having antioxidant properties have been identified that can help reduce the side effects of cancer treatment. The intake of dietary antioxidants has become important in cancer prevention and management. From various studies on ROS and antioxidants in breast cancer aetiology and treatment, there seems to be conflicting information suggesting contradictory roles of both ROS and antioxidants. Although ROS are seen to be involved in breast cancer formation, they are still used in treating cancer by inducing apoptosis. Some newer investigations have indicated certain antioxidants in promoting carcinoma. The concept of persistent oxidative stress in cancer cells, which supports tumour microenvironment (TME), is another phenomenon requiring more research. This review focuses on breast cancer, highlighting how oxidative stress contributes to its progression and evaluating the therapeutic potential of dietary antioxidants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1828367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T04:32:22Z","timestamp":1782189142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oxidative stress and antioxidants in breast cancer: a double-edged sword"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ayodeji Mathias","family":"Adegoke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State","place":["Bloemfontein, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace Ochanya","family":"Igomu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan","place":["Ibadan, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saviour God\u2019swealth","family":"Usin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan","place":["Ibadan, Nigeria"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Cross River State","place":["Okuku, Yala, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamello Patience","family":"Sekhoacha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State","place":["Bloemfontein, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JNCC.2025.02.002","article-title":"Global burden of female breast cancer: new estimates in 2022, temporal trend and future projections up to 2050 based on the latest release from GLOBOCAN","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Center"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/CAAC.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407190-2.00003-4","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress and the microenvironment in breast cancer development and progression","volume":"119","author":"Jezierska-Drutel","year":"2013"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481007601226","article-title":"Breast cancer in the young patient","volume":"76","author":"Sariego","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209879","article-title":"Models of genetic susceptibility to breast cancer","volume":"25","author":"Antoniou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.33.6446","article-title":"Characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer in patients with a BRCA1 mutation: results from a population-based study of young women","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7261.624","article-title":"ABC of breast diseases. 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