{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T04:46:05Z","timestamp":1782708365375,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using [99mTc]Tc-albumin nanocolloid has emerged as a minimally invasive staging technique for selected patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study evaluates the feasibility of SLNB, the quality of patient selection, and radiation exposure during the procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective single-center study included patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma clinically staged as cT1-cT2 cN0 who underwent SLNB using [99mTc]Tc-albumin nanocolloid. Sentinel lymph nodes were identified by preoperative imaging and intraoperative gamma probe detection. Histopathological findings guided further treatment. Radiation exposure to the surgeon was estimated using a point-source approximation. Clinical, pathological, and follow-up data were analyzed descriptively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 16 patients were included (11 males, 5 females; mean age 70.9 \u00b1 11.1 years). Occult lymph node metastases were detected in 3 of 16 patients (18.8%), while tumor upstaging (pT&amp;gt;cT) occurred in 1 patient (6.3%). Sentinel lymph nodes were successfully identified in all patients. The mean administered technetium-99m activity was 100.9 \u00b1 2.1 MBq, and surgery was performed after a mean interval of 26\u00a0h 03\u00a0min. The mean duration of surgery was 111.5\u00a0min. During surgery, the remaining radioactive activity averaged 5.1 MBq, and the surgeon\u2019s mean radiation exposure was 2.3 \u03bcSv. During follow-up, no regional nodal recurrences or delayed nodal failures were observed, and all patients were alive at the time of database lock.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sentinel lymph node biopsy may represent a feasible staging approach in carefully selected patients with early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma and clinically negative lymph nodes (cN0). The procedure demonstrated a high identification rate, low estimated radiation exposure, and successful detection of occult nodal metastases. However, the limited sample size and follow-up duration warrant cautious interpretation of the oncologic outcomes, and further prospective studies are required before the role of SLNB relative to elective neck dissection can be established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1834526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T04:26:59Z","timestamp":1782707219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Technetium-99m-marked sentinel lymph node biopsy for oral squamous cell carcinoma as a safe and effective procedure for patient and staff"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Soemmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Faculty, University of Witten\/Herdecke","place":["Witten, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Regional Plastic Surgery, Dortmund General Hospital","place":["Dortmund, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"B\u00e4renf\u00e4nger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Faculty, University of Witten\/Herdecke","place":["Witten, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Vitkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Faculty, University of Witten\/Herdecke","place":["Witten, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Regional Plastic Surgery, Dortmund General Hospital","place":["Dortmund, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1kos","family":"Bics\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Faculty, University of Witten\/Herdecke","place":["Witten, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Regional Plastic Surgery, Dortmund General Hospital","place":["Dortmund, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Faculty, University of Witten\/Herdecke","place":["Witten, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hassfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Faculty, University of Witten\/Herdecke","place":["Witten, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Regional Plastic Surgery, Dortmund General Hospital","place":["Dortmund, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Bonitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Faculty, University of Witten\/Herdecke","place":["Witten, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Regional Plastic Surgery, Dortmund General Hospital","place":["Dortmund, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monia","family":"Hamami-Arlinghaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Faculty, University of Witten\/Herdecke","place":["Witten, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dortmund General Hospital","place":["Dortmund, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15174201","article-title":"Lymph node metastases from non-melanoma skin cancer of the head and neck","volume":"15","author":"Civantos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11175129","article-title":"CT lymphography using Lipiodol\u00ae for sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage oral cancer","volume":"11","author":"Mahieu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin 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