{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T05:00:43Z","timestamp":1781067643684,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy, yet immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrate limited clinical efficacy due to profound CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+-<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell exhaustion within a highly heterogeneous tumor immune microenvironment (TME). Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized our understanding of this complex ecosystem by resolving rare immune subsets, reconstructing lineage trajectories, and mapping dynamic intercellular signaling networks. Emerging single-cell atlases reveal that terminally exhausted T cells evolve from plastic progenitor populations, notably GZMK\n                    <jats:sup>+-<\/jats:sup>\n                    subsets, while ascitic fluid functions as a distinct immunomodulatory reservoir that continuously shapes intratumoral immune dynamics. Furthermore, multi-compartment transcriptomic profiling uncovers myeloid\u2013lymphoid crosstalk that actively sustains localized immunosuppression and drives therapeutic resistance. These high-resolution molecular insights are increasingly leveraged to accurately predict ICI responsiveness, rationally design novel combinatorial regimens, and strategically guide next-generation adoptive cellular therapies. This review summarizes the scRNA-seq-driven advances in characterizing the ovarian cancer TME, emphasizing how single-cell resolution dismantles immunosuppressive barriers to T cell reinvigoration and establishes a robust translational framework for precision immunotherapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1837496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T04:30:38Z","timestamp":1781065838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding the immune microenvironment of ovarian cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Meifeng","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Xiaoshan Second People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuni","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology, Hangzhou Xiaoshan Second People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoli","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Xiaoshan Second People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Management Department, Hangzhou Xiaoshan Second People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22543\/2392-7674.1531","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in ovarian cancers\u2014from diagnosis to treatment; a literature review","volume":"11","author":"Bucur","year":"2024"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031845","article-title":"Paradigm shift: a comprehensive review of ovarian cancer management in an era of advancements","volume":"25","author":"Tavares","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1621812","article-title":"The tumor immune microenvironment: implications for cancer immunotherapy, treatment strategies, and monitoring 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