{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:03:56Z","timestamp":1784178236192,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To conduct a retrospective descriptive analysis of the clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and treatment outcomes of Castleman disease (CD) in a Chinese regional population, thereby contributing real-world evidence to improve clinical management of this rare disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was performed on 12 patients with CD diagnosed via a rigorous three-step differential diagnosis protocol at Linyi People\u2019s Hospital between February 2020 and February 2024. The cohort included 10 males and 2 females, age range 20\u201367 years (median, 45 years). Tumor locations involved retroperitoneum, pelvis, neck, supraclavicular region, axilla, and inguinal region. According to the Frizzera classification, 7 patients were diagnosed with unicentric CD (UCD; 5 hyaline vascular type, 2 mixed type) and 5 with multicentric CD (MCD; 4 plasma cell type, 1 mixed type). All patients tested negative for HHV-8 and HIV. Treatment modalities included surgical resection alone (7 UCD cases), surgical resection followed by systemic therapy (1 MCD mixed-type case), and primary R-CHOP chemotherapy (4 MCD plasma cell type cases).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All 12 patients were alive at follow-up. The 7 UCD patients treated with complete surgical resection alone experienced no recurrence. The MCD mixed-type patient (Case 8) initially received rituximab for 3 months postoperatively, but interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels remained elevated; the regimen was switched to oral thalidomide-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone (TCD) for 2 months, leading to complete remission. The 4 MCD patients treated with primary R-CHOP achieved favorable outcomes with no recurrence during follow-up (range, 10\u201345 months).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this small cohort, CD was associated with a favorable short-term prognosis following individualized treatment. Complete surgical resection is curative for resectable UCD, whereas MCD typically requires systemic therapy. In resource-limited settings where anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies are not readily accessible, R-CHOP represents an effective first-line alternative for idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD), and the oral TCD regimen is a valuable option for refractory cases. These findings provide practical evidence to guide clinical decision-making for CD in regional medical centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1840675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:21:27Z","timestamp":1784175687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Castleman disease: clinical features, pathology, and treatment outcomes in 12 cases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanlong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Sichuan Science City Hospital","place":["Mianyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Linyi, 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