{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T07:00:34Z","timestamp":1785308434476,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To construct symptom networks at different time points during the early postoperative period in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and to identify the core symptom at each stage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This longitudinal study used convenience sampling to recruit patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer in the urology departments of two tertiary grade A hospitals in Chongqing, China, between August 2024 and September 2025. Data were collected at 7 days (T1), 1 month (T2), and 3 months (T3) after surgery using a general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. Symptom networks were estimated using R, and strength centrality was used to identify the core symptom at each time point.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Symptom network analysis showed that the T1 network included 12 nodes, with pain having the highest strength centrality (rs = 1.76), identifying it as the core symptom at 7 days after surgery. The T2 network included 10 nodes, with worrying having the highest strength centrality (rs = 1.28), making it the core symptom at 1 month after surgery. The T3 network also included 10 nodes, and worrying remained the most central symptom (rs = 1.32), identifying it as the core symptom at 3 months after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Core symptoms differed across stages of early postoperative recovery in radical prostatectomy patients. Healthcare professionals should develop continuous, anticipatory, and targeted intervention strategies based on the core symptoms identified at each time point, identify symptom risks as early as possible, and implement precision symptom management to improve patients\u2019 symptom experience during early postoperative recovery and enhance the efficiency of symptom management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1843406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:03:37Z","timestamp":1785305017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Network analysis of core symptom changes in Chinese patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]},{"name":"Acute and Critical Care Nursing Innovation and Translation Engineering Research Center of Chongqing Education Commission of China","place":["Chongqing, China"]},{"name":"Chongqing Geriatric Specialized Nursing Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Center","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guihong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00651-2","article-title":"The Lancet Commission on prostate cancer: planning for the surge in cases","volume":"403","author":"James","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.09.042","article-title":"EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer\u20142020 update. Part 1: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent","volume":"79","author":"Mottet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1008-0848.2020.06.013","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer","volume":"34","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Androl"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2024.05.008","article-title":"Patient-reported outcome measures and experience measures after active surveillance versus radiation therapy versus radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: a systematic review of prospective comparative studies","volume":"7","author":"Alberti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2022.04.008","article-title":"Patient reported outcomes and health related quality of life in localized prostate cancer: a review of current evidence","volume":"40","author":"Kord","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26491","article-title":"Functional outcomes after localized prostate cancer treatment","volume":"331","author":"Al Hussein Al Awamlh","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S7652","article-title":"Waiting for surgery from the patient perspective","volume":"2","author":"Carr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-020-00286-0","article-title":"Depression, anxiety, and suicidality in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"24","author":"Brunckhorst","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.05.044","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of perioperative outcomes and complications after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy","volume":"62","author":"Novara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000006170","article-title":"\"It's incapacitated me in so many ways\": older adults' lived experience with postoperative symptoms at home after major elective surgery","volume":"279","author":"Keny","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-1756.2023.11.002","article-title":"Survey on the current status of preoperative bowel preparation for urological surgery in 84 hospitals","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Nurs Manage"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12089\/jca.2018.06.020","article-title":"Chinese expert consensus and pathway management consensus on enhanced recovery after surgery (2018): radical prostatectomy section","volume":"34","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Anesthesiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-016-0565-0","article-title":"Prospective assessment of time-dependent changes in quality of life of Japanese patients with prostate cancer following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy","volume":"10","author":"Miyake","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24332","article-title":"Quality of life after robotic-assisted and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial (LAP-01)","volume":"82","author":"Holze","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2020.05.022","article-title":"Urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer: a nationwide observational study","volume":"38","author":"Vernooij","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15212\/FMCH.2017.0133","article-title":"Symptoms predicting health-related quality of life in prostate cancer patients treated with localized radiation therapy","volume":"5","author":"Hsiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fam Med Community Health"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.07.010","article-title":"Adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy and strategies to mitigate them","volume":"67","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1188\/08.ONF.786-793","article-title":"Symptom clusters related to treatment for prostate cancer","volume":"35","author":"Maliski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncol Nurs Forum"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16821\/j.cnki.hsjx.2023.24.002","article-title":"Basic concepts of symptom networks and their application in symptom management","volume":"38","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nurses Training"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2021.12.001","article-title":"Paradigm shift: moving from symptom clusters to symptom networks","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719003404","article-title":"The network approach to psychopathology: a review of the literature 2008\u20132018 and an agenda for future research","volume":"50","author":"Robinaugh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S520974","article-title":"Simultaneous symptom network analysis of heart failure patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000167","article-title":"A tutorial on regularized partial correlation networks","volume":"23","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"psychol Methods"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m441","article-title":"Calculating the sample size required for developing a clinical prediction model","volume":"368","author":"Riley","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(94)90182-1","article-title":"The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale: an instrument for the evaluation of symptom prevalence, characteristics and distress","author":"Portenoy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2007.12.019","article-title":"Measuring the symptom experience of Chinese cancer patients: a validation of the Chinese version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale","volume":"37","author":"Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DNND.S535306","article-title":"Symptom networks and associations with quality of life in patients with early to mid-stage Parkinson's disease: a network analysis","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1723941","article-title":"The dynamic trajectory of symptom networks in patients with acute pancreatitis during hospitalization","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2024.03.014","article-title":"Symptom networks analysis among people with Meniere's disease: application for nursing care","volume":"11","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02369-5","article-title":"A network model of depressive and anxiety symptoms: a statistical evaluation","volume":"29","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/pg4mf","article-title":"Problems with centrality measures in psychopathology symptom networks: why network psychometrics cannot escape psychometric theory","volume":"56","author":"Hallquist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1","article-title":"Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper","volume":"50","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.naj.0000944916.30662.5c","article-title":"Overcoming movement-evoked pain to facilitate postoperative recovery","volume":"123","author":"Arnstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0439-z","article-title":"Sleep deficiency and chronic pain: potential underlying mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"45","author":"Haack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.165857","article-title":"Post-operative pulmonary complications after non-cardiothoracic surgery","volume":"59","author":"Kelkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesthesia"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519878014","article-title":"Psychological nursing approach on anxiety and depression of patients with severe urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: a pilot study","volume":"47","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-024-08503-5","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, urinary continence, and sexuality in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: preliminary findings","volume":"32","author":"Tozzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-019-04745-w","article-title":"Mood outcomes of a behavioral treatment for urinary incontinence in prostate cancer survivors","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.13630","article-title":"The impact of radical prostatectomy on the social well-being of prostate cancer survivors: a qualitative meta-synthesis","volume":"31","author":"Eymech","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care (Engl)"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-022-06876-z","article-title":"Fear of cancer recurrence and PSA anxiety in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"James","year":"2022","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2025.2525184","article-title":"Somatosensory amplification and psychological distress in cancer survivors: the mediating role of fear of cancer recurrence","volume":"13","author":"Bitan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Psychol Behav Med"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12181817","article-title":"Sleep quality and urinary incontinence in prostate cancer patients: a data analytics approach with the ASCAPE dataset","volume":"12","author":"Manolitsis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000108578","article-title":"Presence of symptom distress and prostate cancer-related anxiety in patients at the beginning of cancer rehabilitation","volume":"30","author":"Mehnert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Onkologie"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2024.05.003","article-title":"Urinary and sexual impact of robotic radical prostatectomy: reporting of patient-reported outcome measures in the first year after radical prostatectomy in a contemporary multicentre cohort in the United Kingdom","volume":"64","author":"Bridge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Urol Open Sci"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2018.12.004","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes following treatment of localised prostate cancer and their association with regret about treatment choices","volume":"3","author":"van Stam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ppa.s461027","article-title":"Exploring the hidden struggles: a qualitative insight into urinary incontinence among prostate cancer survivors post-surgery","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Patient Preference Adherence"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1843406\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:03:42Z","timestamp":1785305022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1843406\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1843406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1843406","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"article-number":"1843406"}}