{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:46:30Z","timestamp":1782279990981,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is common and associated with poor survival, and early detection is pivotal to improving patient outcomes. Therefore, identifying reliable biomarkers reflecting early-stage tumor development is of major clinical importance. This study aimed to identify salivary proteins with potential as non-invasive biomarkers associated with early-stage CRC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 104 saliva samples were collected from individuals undergoing CRC screening, including patients diagnosed with CRC stage I and non-cancer controls (NCC), at Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in this case\u2013control study. A quantitative label-free proteomics approach was applied to determine global proteome differences between CRC patients and NCCs and to identify proteins with altered abundance. Proteins were extracted from saliva samples, digested with trypsin, and peptides were analyzed using LC\u2013MS\/MS on an Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 2,456 salivary proteins were identified, of which 181 showed significantly different abundance between CRC patients and NCCs. Unsupervised clustering demonstrated partial separation of groups with influence from demographic variables. Members of the small proline-rich protein (SPRR) family emerged as consistent core markers distinguishing CRC from NCCs, while additional immune- and metabolism-associated proteins contributed to group differentiation. Demographic subgroup analyses, including age-, sex-, and smoking-stratified comparisons, revealed subgroup-associated differences in protein abundance patterns; however, several CRC-associated alterations remained detectable across subgroups, including middle-aged individuals. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated suppression of cytoskeletal and epithelial structural pathways alongside enrichment of protease regulatory pathways. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified an interconnected immune\u2013metabolic network characterized by inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress\u2013related processes. These alterations indicate immune-related and metabolic signaling changes associated with CRC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study supports salivary proteomics as a non-invasive approach for early CRC detection, and the observed proteomic signatures may reflect systemic tumor\u2013immune interactions associated with CRC. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD078610.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1854834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:47:18Z","timestamp":1782276438000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proteomic analysis of saliva reveals changes in proteomic profiles during colorectal cancer in an Iranian cohort"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sama","family":"Rezasoltani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]},{"name":"Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westf\u00e4lische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital","place":["Aachen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Biabani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bente","family":"Siebels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Asadzadeh Aghdaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","place":["Tehran, Iran"]},{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Lismore Base Hospital, North New South Wales Local Health District","place":["Lismore, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Conrads","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westf\u00e4lische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital","place":["Aachen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartmut","family":"Schl\u00fcter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Mehdi","family":"Feizabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences","place":["Tehran, Iran"]},{"name":"Thoracic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences","place":["Tehran, Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21772","article-title":"Colorectal cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2021.101174","article-title":"Global colorectal cancer burden in 2020 and projections to 2040","volume":"14","author":"Xi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Oncol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.20145645","article-title":"Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer","volume":"10","author":"Zeller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Syst Biol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093260","article-title":"Colorectal adenomas-genetics and searching for new molecular screening biomarkers","volume":"21","author":"Siskova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2139979","article-title":"Integration of stool microbiota, proteome and amino acid profiles to discriminate patients with adenomas and colorectal cancer","volume":"14","author":"Bosch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(18)30003-2","article-title":"Population-based cancer screening programmes in low-income and middle-income countries: regional consultation of the International Cancer Screening Network in India","volume":"19","author":"Sivaram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00612-y","article-title":"Current and future colorectal cancer screening strategies","volume":"19","author":"Shaukat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgstr.2022.906052","article-title":"Future of colorectal cancer screening: From one-size-FITs-all to tailor-made","volume-title":"Frontiers in Gastroenterology","author":"Kortlever","year":"2022"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/158786","article-title":"Salivary diagnostics: a brief review","volume":"2014","author":"Malathi","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISRN Dent"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510380414","article-title":"Comparative human salivary and plasma proteomes","volume":"89","author":"Loo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00021-13","article-title":"Salivary biomarkers: toward future clinical and diagnostic utilities","volume":"26","author":"Yoshizawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0293-0","article-title":"Ultra-deep and quantitative saliva proteome reveals dynamics of the oral microbiome","volume":"8","author":"Grassl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300784","article-title":"Variations of oral microbiota are associated with pancreatic diseases including pancreatic cancer","volume":"61","author":"Farrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2021.140659","article-title":"Meta-omics analysis indicates the saliva microbiome and its proteins associated with the prognosis of oral cancer patients","volume":"1869","author":"Granato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2020.188490","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota in epigenetic regulation of colorectal cancer","volume":"1875","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i22.3683","article-title":"Colorectal cancer: The epigenetic role of microbiome","volume":"7","author":"Sabit","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Clin cases"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-024-00604-0","article-title":"16S rRNA sequencing analysis of the oral and fecal microbiota in colorectal cancer positives versus colorectal cancer negatives in Iranian population","volume":"16","author":"Rezasoltani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15010192","article-title":"Oral microbiota as novel biomarkers for colorectal cancer screening","volume":"15","author":"Rezasoltani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301016","article-title":"Saliva sampling method influences oral microbiome composition and taxa distribution associated with oral diseases","volume":"19","author":"Roca","year":"2024","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-018-0082-x","article-title":"Single-pot, solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation for proteomics experiments","volume":"14","author":"Hughes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05696-2","article-title":"Combining discovery and targeted proteomics reveals a prognostic signature in oral cancer","volume":"9","author":"Carnielli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.150","article-title":"The SCX\/IMAC enrichment approach for global phosphorylation analysis by mass spectrometry","volume":"3","author":"Vill\u00e9n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116132","article-title":"Tissue sampling and homogenization with NIRL enables spatially resolved cell layer specific proteomic analysis of the murine intestine","volume":"23","author":"Vo\u00df","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31007-x","article-title":"HarmonizR enables data harmonization across independent proteomic datasets with appropriate handling of missing values","volume":"13","author":"Vo\u00df","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62237-4","article-title":"High performance data integration for large-scale analyses of incomplete omic profiles using batch-effect reduction trees (BERT)","volume":"16","author":"Schumann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118","article-title":"clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Omics"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/cmar.s272652","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA PCAT18 upregulates SPRR3 to promote colorectal cancer progression by binding to miR-759","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manage Res"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12704","article-title":"Movers and shakers: cell cytoskeleton in cancer metastasis","volume":"171","author":"Fife","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08908","article-title":"Cell mechanics and the cytoskeleton","volume":"463","author":"Fletcher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201008095","article-title":"Cytoskeleton in motion: the dynamics of keratin intermediate filaments in epithelia","volume":"194","author":"Windoffer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2010.12.002","article-title":"Proteolytic networks in cancer","volume":"21","author":"Mason","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.021","article-title":"Role of protease and protease inhibitors in cancer pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"86","author":"Eatemadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.569082","article-title":"MSP-RON pathway: potential regulator of inflammation and innate immunity","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1538635","article-title":"Neutrophils in colorectal cancer: mechanisms, prognostic value, and therapeutic implications","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17050752","article-title":"The role of reactive oxygen species in colorectal cancer initiation and progression: perspectives on theranostic approaches","volume":"17","author":"Catalano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.07.008","article-title":"Roles and molecular mechanisms of physical exercise in cancer prevention and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5085(17)30805-3","article-title":"Dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer: analysis by tumor location and molecular subtypes","volume":"152","author":"Mehta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2024.101926","article-title":"Decoding the role of SPRR1A and SPRR1B gene in cancer: a comprehensive review","volume":"36","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gene Rep"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2009.00187","article-title":"Upregulation of SPRR3 promotes colorectal tumorigenesis","volume":"16","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8493796","article-title":"Serum small proline-rich protein 2A (SPRR2A) is a noninvasive biomarker in gastric cancer","volume":"2020","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-013-1415-9","article-title":"Study of small proline-rich proteins (SPRRs) in health and disease: a review of the literature","volume":"305","author":"Carregaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13112829","article-title":"Small proline-rich protein 2A and 2D are regulated by the RBM38-p73 axis and associated with p73-dependent suppression of chronic inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15041107","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer: from tumor growth and metastasis to biomarkers and nanomedications","volume":"15","author":"Kotelevets","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417328","article-title":"Salivary extracellular vesicles: biomarkers and beyond in human diseases","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12071003","article-title":"Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) as a contributor toward an aggressive cancer cell phenotype: a potential role in colon cancer peritoneal metastasis","volume":"12","author":"Bouzid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000531849","article-title":"Evaluating the clinical significance of diazepam binding inhibitor in Alzheimer's disease: a comparison with inflammatory, oxidative, and neurodegenerative biomarkers","volume":"69","author":"Gokce","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-01904-y","article-title":"Elafin promotes tumour metastasis and attenuates the anti-metastatic effects of erlotinib via binding to EGFR in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-022-01665-4","article-title":"A bioinformatic analysis of WFDC2 (HE4) expression in high grade serous ovarian cancer reveals tumor-specific changes in metabolic and extracellular matrix gene expression","volume":"39","author":"James","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042283","article-title":"Biomarker identification through proteomics in colorectal cancer","volume":"25","author":"Mart\u00edn-Garc\u00eda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.653932","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase defects in congenital neutropenia","volume":"12","author":"Rydzynska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10121534","article-title":"Applications of lysozyme, an innate immune defense factor, as an alternative antibiotic","volume":"10","author":"Ferraboschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2174\/1871526510808030195","article-title":"Potential roles of histones in host defense as antimicrobial agents","volume":"8","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.73365","article-title":"The role of the S100 protein family in glioma","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2021.100115","article-title":"Age-associated proteomic signatures and potential clinically actionable targets of colorectal cancer","volume":"20","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5c00091","article-title":"Identification of salivary biomarkers in colorectal cancer by integrating Olink proteomics and metabolomics","volume":"24","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2397863","article-title":"Noninvasive biomarkers of colorectal cancer: Role in diagnosis and personalised treatment perspectives","volume":"2018","author":"Pellino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2018.11.007","article-title":"Applying simple linear combination, multiple logistic and factor analysis methods for candidate fecal bacteria as novel biomarkers for early detection of adenomatous polyps and colon cancer","volume":"155","author":"Rezasoltani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2007.03.021","article-title":"Tumour markers in colorectal cancer: European Group on Tumour Markers (EGTM) guidelines for clinical use","volume":"43","author":"Duffy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.126","article-title":"The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer","volume":"21","author":"Guinney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2609-7","article-title":"Melatonin as a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant: one of evolution's best ideas","volume":"74","author":"Reiter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-023-00833-w","article-title":"Novel diagnostic biomarkers of oxidative stress, immune- infiltration characteristics and experimental validation of SERPINE1 in colon cancer","volume":"14","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Discover Oncol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12014-023-09424-x","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based proteomics as an emerging tool in clinical laboratories","volume":"20","author":"Birhanu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Proteomics"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2020.11453","article-title":"High SPRR1A expression is associated with poor survival in patients with colon cancer","volume":"19","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2023.154509","article-title":"Mitochondrial remodeling in colorectal cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapy: A review","volume":"246","author":"Abdelmaksoud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10070444","article-title":"L1CAM, CA9, KLK6, HPN, and ALDH1A1 as potential serum markers in primary and metastatic colorectal cancer screening","volume":"10","author":"Tieng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.92588","article-title":"S100A8-mediated inflammatory signaling drives colorectal cancer progression via the CXCL5\/CXCR2 axis","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo-21-747","article-title":"Analysis of blood markers for early colorectal cancer diagnosis","volume":"13","author":"Bayo Calero","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gastrointestinal Oncol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.08.032","article-title":"Association of superoxide dismutase enzyme with staging and grade of differentiation colorectal cancer: A cross-sectional study","volume":"58","author":"Warsinggih","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911664","article-title":"Oxidative stress and DNA damage markers in colorectal cancer","volume":"23","author":"Acevedo-Le\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4946824","article-title":"High expression and clinical significance of elafin in colorectal cancer","volume":"2019","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12040971","article-title":"Aspartate-\u03b2-hydroxylase: a promising target to limit the local invasiveness of colorectal cancer","volume":"12","author":"Benelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_571_19","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of serum alpha-1antitrypsin levels in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and in subjects with tobacco habit without carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Ahuja","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2015.2917","article-title":"Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) is associated with suppression of early carcinogenic events in human oral Malignancies","volume":"46","author":"Shiiba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14960","article-title":"Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist: a promising cytokine against human squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"9","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/096504016x14685034103752","article-title":"CSTB downregulation promotes cell proliferation and migration and suppresses apoptosis in gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell line","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol Res"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.01.014","article-title":"Global gene expression analysis of knockdown triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) gene in human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803","volume":"647","author":"Ouyang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1159\/000178879","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma compared with normal adjacent pancreatic tissue and pancreatic benign cystadenoma","volume":"9","author":"Cui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.04.018","article-title":"Potential role of annexin A7 in cancers","volume":"423","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16020289","article-title":"The potential of Siglecs and sialic acids as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in tumor immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25020717","article-title":"Y-box binding protein 1: Unraveling the multifaceted role in cancer development and therapeutic potential","volume":"25","author":"Dinh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1854834\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:47:32Z","timestamp":1782276452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1854834\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1854834"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1854834","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"article-number":"1854834"}}