{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:51:09Z","timestamp":1793303469198,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>NLRP12, a member of the NOD-like receptor family, has traditionally been regarded as an inflammasome-associated regulator of inflammatory signaling. However, accumulating evidence indicates that its role in cancer extends far beyond classical inflammasome biology. Recent studies show that NLRP12 exerts highly context-dependent functions across malignancies, acting as either a tumor suppressor or a tumor promoter depending on tumor type, cellular source, and dominant signaling environment. In inflammation-associated and epithelial malignancies such as colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and triple-negative breast cancer, NLRP12 suppresses tumor progression by restraining noncanonical NF-\u03baB, Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin, JNK, or canonical NF-\u03baB signaling. In contrast, in gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, glioma, and macrophage-rich tumor ecosystems, NLRP12 has been linked to glycolytic remodeling, lactate-associated epigenetic adaptation, aggressive clinicopathological features, and immune suppression. Mechanistically, NLRP12 has emerged as a multifunctional signaling regulator that connects inflammatory control with oncogenic pathway modulation, metabolic rewiring, tumor-associated macrophage polarization, and PANoptosis-related stress responses. These findings position NLRP12 at the crossroads of tumor progression, immunity, metabolism, and inflammatory cell death. In this review, we summarize the molecular and functional landscape of NLRP12 in cancer, with emphasis on its dual roles in tumor biology, its context-specific mechanisms, and its potential clinical relevance as a biomarker and therapeutic reference point. A deeper cell-resolved and mechanism-oriented understanding of NLRP12 may help redefine this molecule from a conventional innate immune regulator to a context-dependent organizer of tumor ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1862634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T04:25:25Z","timestamp":1783657525000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["NLRP12 in cancer: a context-dependent regulator of tumor progression, immunity, and metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yuting","family":"Cen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital","place":["Nannning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nannning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital","place":["Nannning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital","place":["Nannning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital","place":["Nannning, Guangxi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","place":["Nannning, Guangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072321","article-title":"Cancer cachexia and related metabolic dysfunction","volume":"21","author":"Fonseca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1837","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00808.2024","article-title":"Inflammation in cancer cachexia: still the central tenet or just another player","volume":"328","author":"Iaia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2012.10.006","article-title":"Cancer cachexia: Malignant inflammation, tumorkines, and metabolic mayhem","volume":"24","author":"Tsoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12374","article-title":"Crosstalk between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetics in cancer: updates on mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"42","author":"Ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Commun (Lond)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2008.05.005","article-title":"Tumor cell metabolism: cancer's Achilles' heel","volume":"13","author":"Kroemer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.03.012","article-title":"The NLR family of innate immune and cell death sensors","volume":"57","author":"Sundaram","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-2123-8","article-title":"NLR-regulated pathways in cancer: opportunities and obstacles for therapeutic interventions","volume":"73","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci CMLS"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0607402","article-title":"NLR proteins: integral members of innate immunity and mediators of inflammatory diseases","volume":"83","author":"Wilmanski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Leukocyte Biol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175995","article-title":"The role of NLRP12 in inflammatory diseases","volume":"956","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2011.10.022","article-title":"The NOD-like receptor NLRP12 attenuates colon inflammation and tumorigenesis","volume":"20","author":"Zaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07923-3","article-title":"NLRP12 decreases TRIM25-mediated HK2 degradation to promote glycolysis and H3K18la in gastric cancer","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8480","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44854-4","article-title":"Differential expression profile of NLRs and AIM2 in glioma and implications for NLRP12 in glioblastoma","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2422079122","article-title":"HCK regulates NLRP12-mediated PANoptosis","volume":"122","author":"Nadendla","year":"2025","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2011.09.024","article-title":"The NLRP12 pyrin domain: structure, dynamics, and functional insights","volume":"413","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190547","article-title":"Crystal structure of human NLRP12 PYD domain and implication in homotypic interaction","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100616","article-title":"Negative regulatory NLRs mitigate inflammation via NF-\u03baB pathway signaling in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"46","author":"Morrison","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioMed J"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.03.010","article-title":"NF-\u03baB regulation by NLRs: T cells join the club","volume":"42","author":"Thaiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108545","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4501298","article-title":"NLRP3 and cancer: pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"251","author":"Tengesdal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00886-5","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome in cancer and metabolic diseases","volume":"22","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2025.120684","article-title":"SLC7A11 and NLRP1 in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"579","author":"Khan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.120.033285","article-title":"CCR5 activation promotes NLRP1-dependent neuronal pyroptosis via CCR5\/PKA\/CREB pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"52","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-025-01712-7","article-title":"Heme unleashed: NLRP12 orchestrates PANoptosis in a symphony of cell fate","volume":"83","author":"Navuluri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.105141","article-title":"Immune regulator IRF1 contributes to ZBP1-, AIM2-, RIPK1-, and NLRP12-PANoptosome activation and inflammatory cell death (PANoptosis)","volume":"299","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.40396","article-title":"NLRP12 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma via downregulation of cJun N-terminal kinase activation in the hepatocyte","volume":"8","author":"Udden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020496","article-title":"Crosstalk between NLRP12 and JNK during hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2023.10.001","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of PANoptosis: innate sensors, inflammasomes, and RIPKs in PANoptosomes","volume":"30","author":"Pandeya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-025-00940-6","article-title":"PANoptosis in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"32","author":"Pu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13279","article-title":"PANoptosis: mechanisms, biology, and role in disease","volume":"321","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-025-02173-2","article-title":"Role of PANoptosis in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.03.012","article-title":"NLRP12 suppresses colon inflammation and tumorigenesis through the negative regulation of noncanonical NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"36","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12932\/AP-210422-1373","article-title":"NLRP12 attenuates tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 production in Burkholderia pseudomallei-infected RAW264.7 macrophages","volume":"43","author":"Pudla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-019-01267-3","article-title":"NLRP12 negatively modulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 production in Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-treated mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7)","volume":"68","author":"Pudla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammation Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-024-00309-z","article-title":"The role of NLRP3 and NLRP12 inflammasomes in glioblastoma","volume":"25","author":"Rajkhowa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-023-01166-9","article-title":"Inhibited expression of NLRP12 promotes the development of triple-negative breast cancer by activating the NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"81","author":"Kuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2016.01.012","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR and Ras\/Raf\/MEK\/ERK signaling pathways inhibitors as anticancer agents: structural and pharmacological perspectives","volume":"109","author":"Asati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.05.025","article-title":"AKT and ERK dual inhibitors: the way forward","volume":"459","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137353","article-title":"Immunomodulatory properties of PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR and MAPK\/MEK\/ERK inhibition augment response to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci166295","article-title":"NLRP12 downregulates the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway via interaction with STK38 to suppress colorectal cancer","volume":"133","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2024.109804","article-title":"Neohesperidin protects against colitis-associated colorectal cancer in mice via suppression of the NF-\u03baB\/p65 and MAPK pathways","volume":"136","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910701","article-title":"Chronic and cycling hypoxia: drivers of cancer chronic inflammation through HIF-1 and NF-\u03baB activation: a review of the molecular mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Korbecki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156833","article-title":"Sophocarpine suppresses MAPK-mediated inflammation by restoring gut microbiota in colorectal cancer","volume":"143","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13678","article-title":"Targeted deletion of miR-139-5p activates MAPK, NF-\u03baB and STAT3 signaling and promotes intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer","volume":"283","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.08.033","article-title":"Leuconostoc mesenteroides-derived anticancer pharmaceuticals hinder inflammation and cell survival in colon cancer cells by modulating NF-\u03baB\/AKT\/PTEN\/MAPK pathways","volume":"94","author":"Zununi Vahed","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2024.101772","article-title":"The role of inflammasomes in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and therapeutic insights","volume":"30","author":"Arr\u00e8","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2023.0092","article-title":"Invasive breast cancer: miR-24-2 targets genes associated with survival and sensitizes MDA-MB-231 cells to berberine","volume":"27","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Omics"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520621666210903130152","article-title":"In-vitro evaluation of isatin derivatives as potent anti-breast cancer agents against MCF-7, MDA MB 231, MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 breast cancers cell lines: a review","volume":"22","author":"Chauhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anti-Cancer Agents Med Chem"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12047\/j.cjap.5948.2020.134","article-title":"Effects of SmacN7 inducing apoptosis of breast cancer cell MDA-MB-157 and its mechanism","volume":"36","author":"Lyu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2024.116916","article-title":"Sulforaphane inhibits the migration and invasion of BPDE-induced lung adenocarcinoma cells by regulating NLRP12","volume":"485","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2014.906580","article-title":"The potential of targeting Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin in colon cancer","volume":"18","author":"Sebio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107876","article-title":"Targeting the crosstalk between canonical Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin and inflammatory signaling cascades: a novel strategy for cancer prevention and therapy","volume":"227","author":"Tewari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070726","article-title":"Targeting the canonical WNT\/\u03b2-catenin pathway in cancer treatment using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"8","author":"Vall\u00e9e","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.114813","article-title":"Pristimerin suppresses colorectal cancer through inhibiting inflammatory responses and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling","volume":"386","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46100638","article-title":"TRIM25, TRIM28 and TRIM59 and their protein partners in cancer signaling crosstalk: Potential novel therapeutic targets for cancer","volume":"46","author":"Chiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.09.031","article-title":"ICAT drives lactylation of tumor-associated macrophages via the c-Myc-ENO1 axis to promote cervical cancer progression","volume":"241","author":"Dang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-23-3513","article-title":"H3K18 lactylation potentiates immune escape of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"84","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.3585","article-title":"NLRP12 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"26","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gene Med"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/jcma.0000000000000830","article-title":"High expression of NLRP12 predicts poor prognosis in patients with intracranial glioma","volume":"86","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5277","article-title":"Cytoplasmic cyclin D1 regulates glioblastoma dissemination","volume":"248","author":"Cemeli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728220902806444","article-title":"Anti-VEGF therapies for Malignant glioma: treatment effects and escape mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Miletic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2020-0062","article-title":"VEGF levels in patients with glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Seyedmirzaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3591-z","article-title":"Prognostic significance of E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression in gliomas","volume":"17","author":"Noh","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.08.025","article-title":"The dichotomous role of the glycolytic metabolism pathway in cancer metastasis: Interplay with the complex tumor microenvironment and novel therapeutic strategies","volume":"60","author":"El Hassouni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2025.111940","article-title":"Glycolytic reprogramming in macrophage polarization: New horizons in the treatment of tumor diseases","volume":"134","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Signalling"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03880-6","article-title":"NLRP12\/C1qA positive feedback in tumor-associated macrophages regulates immunosuppression through LILRB4\/NF-\u03baB pathway in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"74","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother CII"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-329147","article-title":"Targeting MS4A4A on tumour-associated macrophages restores CD8+ T-cell-mediated antitumour immunity","volume":"72","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-20893-2","article-title":"CAR-T cell-mediated depletion of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages promotes endogenous antitumor immunity and augments adoptive immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Rodriguez-Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2025.02.006","article-title":"Myeloid cell path to Malignancy: Insights into liver cancer","volume":"11","author":"Ramirez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.07.010","article-title":"Myeloid suppressor cells in cancer and autoimmunity","volume":"85","author":"Sica","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23206","article-title":"Myeloid derived suppressor cells in cancer, premalignancy and inflammation: A roadmap to cancer immunoprevention","volume":"59","author":"Sivagnanalingam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17111958","article-title":"Pro-tumoral inflammatory myeloid cells as emerging therapeutic targets","volume":"17","author":"Szebeni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2024.5673","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Key immunosuppressive regulators and therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer (Review)","volume":"65","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101698","article-title":"Uncovering therapeutic targets for macrophage-mediated T cell suppression and PD-L1 therapy sensitization","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci137110","article-title":"Targeting tumor-associated macrophages and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells augments PD-1 blockade in cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"130","author":"Loeuillard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.584626","article-title":"Regulation of PD-L1 expression by NF-\u03baB in cancer","volume":"11","author":"Antonangeli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq5226","article-title":"NF-\u03baB and TET2 promote macrophage reprogramming in hypoxia that overrides the immunosuppressive effects of the tumor microenvironment","volume":"10","author":"de la Calle-Fabregat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-00829-6","article-title":"NF-\u03baB-inducing kinase maintains T cell metabolic fitness in antitumor immunity","volume":"22","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.01468-07","article-title":"ATP binding by monarch-1\/NLRP12 is critical for its inhibitory function","volume":"28","author":"Ye","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202403019r","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming of glycolysis, lipids, and amino acids in tumors: Impact on CD8+ T cell function and targeted therapeutic strategies","volume":"39","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.30381","article-title":"Oncogene-mediated nuclear accumulation of lactate promotes epigenetic alterations to induce cancer cell proliferation","volume":"124","author":"Bandopadhyay","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2018.1511706","article-title":"Lactate transporters as therapeutic targets in cancer and inflammatory diseases","volume":"22","author":"Pucino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgw127","article-title":"Reexamining cancer metabolism: Lactate production for carcinogenesis could be the purpose and explanation of the Warburg effect","volume":"38","author":"San-Mill\u00e1n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1478","article-title":"Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis","volume":"4","author":"Gatenby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-019-02187-8","article-title":"Emerging roles of aerobic glycolysis in breast cancer","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120322","article-title":"Ubiquitination regulation of aerobic glycolysis in cancer","volume":"292","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4378","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04286-4","article-title":"Expression analysis of inflammasome sensors and implication of NLRP12 inflammasome in prostate cancer","volume":"7","author":"Karan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11658-013-0095-y","article-title":"Role of inflammasomes and their regulators in prostate cancer initiation, progression and metastasis","volume":"18","author":"Veeranki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1084129","article-title":"Relationship between pyroptosis-mediated inflammation and the pathogenesis of prostate disease","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2426-z","article-title":"MSC-induced lncRNA HCP5 drove fatty acid oxidation through miR-3619-5p\/AMPK\/PGC1\u03b1\/CEBPB axis to promote stemness and chemo-resistance of gastric cancer","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-024-03089-6","article-title":"Cell death shapes cancer immunity: Spotlighting PANoptosis","volume":"43","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-025-01329-z","article-title":"PANoptosis in cancer: Bridging molecular mechanisms to therapeutic innovations","volume":"22","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1359204","article-title":"Integrating PANoptosis insights to enhance breast cancer prognosis and therapeutic decision-making","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23854","article-title":"Integrative bioinformatics analysis and experimental study of NLRP12 reveal its prognostic value and potential functions in ovarian cancer","volume":"64","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf3066","article-title":"A protein interaction landscape of breast cancer","volume":"374","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1462399408000641","article-title":"Protein-protein interactions as targets for small-molecule therapeutics in cancer","volume":"10","author":"White","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2019.07.001","article-title":"Shedding light on complexity of protein-protein interactions in cancer","volume":"53","author":"Yoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Chem Biol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30378","article-title":"Role of interleukin-1\u03b2 in NLRP12-associated autoinflammatory disorders and resistance to anti-interleukin-1 therapy","volume":"63","author":"J\u00e9ru","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1593-z","article-title":"Understanding tumor ecosystems by single-cell sequencing: Promises and limitations","volume":"19","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdaf047","article-title":"Pitfalls in analysis and interpretation of single-cell RNA-seq data in cancer","volume":"8","author":"Tirosh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neuro-oncol Adv"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-025-00886-9","article-title":"A guide to transcriptomic deconvolution in cancer","volume":"26","author":"Dai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1862634\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T04:25:28Z","timestamp":1783657528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1862634\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1862634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1862634","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"article-number":"1862634"}}