{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:43:40Z","timestamp":1785908620157,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SALUD-CONACYT-2011-C01-162301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SALUD-CONACYT-2011-C01-162301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004961","name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fondo FAP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fondo FAP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004961","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast cancer is the most prevalent and lethal cancer among women worldwide. Although classification based on ER\u03b1, PR, and HER2 status guides treatment decisions, misclassification remains a challenge due to the complexity of ER\u03b1-associated transcriptional network. Identifying biomarkers that better reflect ER\u03b1 activity may improve tumor stratification and therapeutic decision-making. We hypothesized that an ER\u03b1-related transcriptional framework could improve molecular characterization of breast cancer subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinicopathological features were evaluated in relation to PAM50 subtypes. Gene expression profiles from fresh breast tumor biopsies (n=65) were analyzed and integrated with ER\u03b1-related genes identified through literature review and pathway databases (KEGG, WikiPathways, Reactome, and IPA). Differentially expressed genes among subtypes were used to construct a nuclear module for functional enrichment and protein interaction analyses. Selected genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR in breast cancer cell lines. The reproducibility of the module expression was assessed in the independent public cohort GSE18229. Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate associations between module genes and\n                      <jats:italic>MKI67<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Ki-67 expression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Menopausal status showed a significant association with PAM50 subtypes. Among 647 ER\u03b1-related genes, a 34-gene nuclear module was identified as a highly interconnected network. Genes enriched in LumB, HER2-enriched, and basal and downregulated in LumA and normal-like subtypes were mainly associated with proliferation and cell cycle regulation (\n                      <jats:italic>CCNE1, E2F2, FOXM1, PLK1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>SKP2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). The ER\u03b1\u2013E2F\/FOXM1 axis emerged as a potential regulator of the transcriptional module. RT-qPCR supported the expression of selected genes\n                      <jats:italic>E2F2, PAK2<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>PARP1<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The module showed reproducible expression patterns in an independent cohort. Correlation analysis revealed proliferation and chromatin-related genes positively and hormone-related genes negatively associated with\n                      <jats:italic>MKI67<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Ki-67, identifying the most significant associations in the study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This 34-gene module represents an interconnected transcriptional program enriched in E2F\/FOXM1 signaling and ER\u03b1-associated processes. The integrated analysis of genes involved in hormone signaling, proliferation, genome regulation, and cancer-related processes may reveal subtype-specific expression patterns reflecting ER\u03b1 activity. We propose the 34-gene panel as a candidate transcriptional framework that may provide insights into BC subtype-discrimination. Further validation in larger cohorts and additional experimental validation are required to determine its potential utility as a biomarker signature for breast cancer stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1874614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T04:44:26Z","timestamp":1785905066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of a nuclear transcriptional module associated with ER\u03b1 and E2F\/FOXM1 signaling across PAM50 breast cancer subtypes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ana Jazm\u00edn","family":"Dozal-Luna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra K.","family":"Santuario-Facio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]},{"name":"Laboratorio Cl\u00ednico, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","place":["San Pedro Garza Garc\u00eda, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Servando","family":"Cardona-Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de C\u00e1ncer de Mama, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","place":["San Pedro Garza Garc\u00eda, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Sof\u00eda","family":"G\u00f3mez-Mac\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","place":["San Pedro Garza Garc\u00eda, Mexico"]},{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Rangel-Escareno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gen\u00f3mica Computacional y Biolog\u00eda Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica","place":["Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"]},{"name":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sa\u00fal","family":"Lira-Albarr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microlab Genomics, Laboratorio Microlab","place":["Tegucigalpa, Honduras"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"G\u00f3mez-Flores-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microlab Genomics, Laboratorio Microlab","place":["Tegucigalpa, Honduras"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica, Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (SECIHTI)","place":["Cuernavaca, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Ortiz-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]},{"name":"Proyecto oriGen, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","place":["Monterrey, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018171118","article-title":"Receptor-based surrogate subtypes and discrepancies with breast cancer intrinsic subtypes: Implications for image biomarker development","volume":"289","author":"Jamshidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06863-3","article-title":"Resistance to endocrine therapy in HR + and\/or HER2 + breast cancer: the most promising predictive biomarkers","volume":"49","author":"Miranda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076834","article-title":"A basic review on estrogen receptor signaling pathways in breast cancer","volume":"24","author":"Clusan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12282-021-01261-w","article-title":"PAM50- and immunohistochemistry-based subtypes of breast cancer and their relationship with breast cancer mortality in a population-based study","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkaa087","article-title":"Concordance of immunohistochemistry-based and gene expression-based subtyping in breast cancer","volume":"5","author":"Holm","year":"2021","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/ejbh.galenos.2023.2023-6-3","article-title":"The clinical and pathological characteristics that differentiate cases with \u201cLow Estrogen Receptor Expression\u201d from triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"20","author":"Karaali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Breast Health"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Advancing breast cancer subtyping: optimizing immunohistochemical staining classification with insights from real-world Taiwanese data","author":"Chang","year":"2023"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13174995","article-title":"Impact of molecular profiling on therapy management in breast cancer","volume":"13","author":"Ultimescu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.47","article-title":"FOXM1 is a transcriptional target of ER\u03b1 and has a critical role in breast cancer endocrine sensitivity and resistance","volume":"29","author":"Millour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-1-r6","article-title":"Genome-wide mapping of FOXM1 binding reveals co-binding with estrogen receptor alpha in breast cancer cells","volume":"14","author":"Sanders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27041823","article-title":"FOXM1 signaling network transcriptionally upregulates expression of proteins involved in mitotic progression to induce high proliferation and chromosomal instability in androgen receptor-low triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"27","author":"Rida","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2016.00257","article-title":"A new gene expression signature for triple-negative breast cancer using frozen fresh tissue before neoadjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"23","author":"Santuario-Facio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.1370","article-title":"Supervised risk predictor of breast cancer based on intrinsic subtypes","volume":"27","author":"Bernard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae979","article-title":"Database resources of the national center for biotechnology information in 2025","volume":"53","author":"Sayers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/qss_a_00177","article-title":"Scopus 1900-2020: Growth in articles, abstracts, countries, fields, and journals","volume":"3","author":"Thelwall","year":"2022"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02511-3_4","article-title":"Google schol 95 part A | 4.1 4. Google scholar as a data source for research assessment","author":"Delgado L\u00f3pez-C\u00f3zar","year":"2019"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac963","article-title":"KEGG for taxonomy-based analysis of pathways and genomes","volume":"51","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad960","article-title":"WikiPathways 2024: next generation pathway database","volume":"52","author":"Agrawal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1025","article-title":"The reactome pathway knowledgebase 2024","volume":"52","author":"Milacic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt703","article-title":"Causal analysis approaches in ingenuity pathway analysis","volume":"30","author":"Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/4.2.249","article-title":"Exploration, normalization, and summaries of high density oligonucleotide array probe level data","volume":"4","author":"Irizarry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjaminit","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Statist Soc B"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1000","article-title":"The STRING database in 2023: protein-protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses for any sequenced genome of interest","volume":"51","author":"Szklarczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074250","article-title":"SurvExpress: An online biomarker validation tool and database for cancer gene expression data using survival analysis","volume":"8","author":"Aguirre-Gamboa","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2635","article-title":"Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the claudin-low intrinsic subtype of breast cancer","volume":"12","author":"Prat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"B27","volume-title":"R Core Team 2023 R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2023"},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated development environment for R (Version 1.4.1106)","year":"2021"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt480","article-title":"A new statistic for identifying batch effects in high-throughput genomic data that uses guided principal component analysis","volume":"29","author":"Reese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23182","article-title":"FoxM1 is a promising candidate target in the treatment of breast cancer","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.197","article-title":"ER\u03b1, SKP2 and E2F-1 form a feed forward loop driving late ER\u03b1 targets and G1 cell cycle progression","volume":"33","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.05.024","article-title":"PLK1 signaling in breast cancer cells cooperates with estrogen receptor-dependent gene transcription","volume":"3","author":"Wierer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2012-1066","article-title":"Gene-specific patterns of coregulator requirements by estrogen receptor-\u03b1 in breast cancer cells","volume":"26","author":"Jeong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-1327","article-title":"Tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer is regulated by the EZH2\u2013ERa\u2013GREB1 transcriptional axis","volume":"78","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.90","article-title":"Gene set knowledge discovery with Enrichr","volume":"1","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Protoc"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.9.4.10611","article-title":"Rb inactivation in cell cycle and cancer: The puzzle of highly regulated activating phosphorylation of CDK4 versus constitutively active CDK-activating kinase","volume":"9","author":"Paternot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-11-0024","article-title":"ATM and p53 regulate FOXM1 expression via E2F in breast cancer epirubicin treatment and resistance","volume":"10","author":"Millour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-013-0140-3","article-title":"RNA sequencing of MCF-7 breast cancer cells identifies novel estrogen-responsive genes with functional estrogen receptor-binding sites in the vicinity of their transcription start sites","volume":"4","author":"Yamaga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Horm Cancer"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-019-05378-7","article-title":"Agreement between molecular subtyping and surrogate subtype classification: a contemporary population-based study of ER-positive\/HER2-negative primary breast cancer","volume":"178","author":"Lundgren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4048\/jbc.2022.25.e31","article-title":"Characteristics and prognosis of estrogen receptor low-positive breast cancer","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Breast Cancer"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-021-00308-7","article-title":"Impact of estrogen receptor levels on outcome in non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant\/adjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Dieci","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-019-05446-y","article-title":"Research-based PAM50 signature and long-term breast cancer survival","volume":"179","author":"Pu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-023-00589-0","article-title":"Perturbation and stability of PAM50 subtyping in population-based primary invasive breast cancer","volume":"9","author":"Veerla","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2015.07.004","article-title":"Crosstalk events in the estrogen signaling pathway may affect tamoxifen efficacy in breast cancer molecular subtypes","volume":"59","author":"De Anda-J\u00e1uregui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput Biol Chem"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2016.09.001","article-title":"Multimodal assessment of estrogen receptor mRNA profiles to quantify estrogen pathway activity in breast tumors","volume":"17","author":"Muthukaruppan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2017-0423","article-title":"Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: exploiting signaling pathways implicated in endocrine resistance","volume":"23","author":"Brufsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-19-0318","article-title":"Estrogen receptor pathway activity score to predict clinical response or resistance to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in primary breast cancer","volume":"19","author":"Inda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28691-0","article-title":"Transcriptional repression of estrogen receptor alpha by YAP reveals the Hippo pathway as therapeutic target for ER+ breast cancer","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/oab.s7181","article-title":"Balancing false discovery and false negative rates in selection of differentially expressed genes in microarrays","volume":"1","author":"Mori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Access Bioinf"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166816","article-title":"E2F3 induces DNA damage repair, stem-like properties and therapy resistance in breast cancer","volume":"1869","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-23-0133","article-title":"ZMIZ1 enhances ER\u03b1-dependent expression of E2F2 in breast cancer","volume":"73","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira-Leal\n              JB\n            \n            \n              Enright\n              AJ\n            \n            \n              Ouzounis\n              CA\n            \n          \n          Detection of Functional Modules From Protein Interaction Networks\n          \n          2003","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.10505"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61908-4","article-title":"Identification of modules and key genes associated with breast cancer subtypes through network analysis","volume":"14","author":"Mares-Qui\u00f1ones","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.01688-13","article-title":"E2F activators signal and maintain centrosome amplification in breast cancer cells","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11010043","article-title":"Poly-ADP-ribosylation of estrogen receptor-alpha by PARP1 mediates antiestrogen resistance in human breast cancer cells","volume":"11","author":"Pulliam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-025-03441-4","article-title":"PARP-1 as a novel target in endocrine-resistant breast cancer","volume":"44","author":"Zicarelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2006.10.008","article-title":"A collection of breast cancer cell lines for the study of functionally distinct cancer subtypes","volume":"10","author":"Neve","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0409-3","article-title":"Genetic and transcriptional evolution alters cancer cell line drug response","volume":"560","author":"Ben-David","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1722617115","article-title":"Estrogen-regulated feedback loop limits the efficacy of estrogen receptor\u2013targeted breast cancer therapy","volume":"115","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13601-7","article-title":"PSPC1 is a potential prognostic marker for hormone-dependent breast cancer patients and modulates RNA processing of ESR1 and SCFD2","volume":"12","author":"Takeiwa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41389-018-0086-y","article-title":"Targeting proteasome-associated deubiquitinases as a novel strategy for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer","volume":"7","author":"Xia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259669","article-title":"Uncovering the stability status of the reputed reference genes in breast and hepatic cancer cell lines","volume":"16","author":"Gorji-Bahri","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-8-20","article-title":"Identification of genes for normalization of real-time RT-PCR data in breast carcinomas","volume":"8","author":"Lyng","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT\u2013PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15082251","article-title":"Role of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 in early breast carcinogenesis and breast cancer aggressiveness","volume":"15","author":"Clemenceau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2016.09.004","article-title":"Progesterone induces progesterone receptor gene (PGR) expression via rapid activation of protein kinase pathways required for cooperative estrogen receptor alpha (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) genomic action at ER\/PR target genes","volume":"114","author":"Diep","year":"2016","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112821","article-title":"High FOXA1 levels induce ER transcriptional reprogramming, a pro-metastatic secretome, and metastasis in endocrine-resistant breast cancer","volume":"42","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2014.46.3.209","article-title":"Regulation and role of EZH2 in cancer","volume":"46","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.5180","article-title":"EZH2 expression is associated with high proliferation rate and aggressive tumor subgroups in cutaneous melanoma and cancers of the endometrium, prostate, and breast","volume":"24","author":"Bachmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1933744100","article-title":"EZH2 is a marker of aggressive breast cancer and promotes neoplastic transformation of breast epithelial cells","volume":"100","author":"Kleer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-2147","article-title":"EZH2-targeted therapies in cancer: Hype or a reality","volume":"80","author":"Eich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02523-4","article-title":"PAK inhibitor FRAX486 decreases the metastatic potential of triple-negative breast cancer cells by blocking autophagy","volume":"130","author":"Lyu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.09.086","article-title":"Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals PAK2 as a therapeutic target for lapatinib resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer cells","volume":"505","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1874614\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T04:44:36Z","timestamp":1785905076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1874614\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1874614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1874614","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"article-number":"1874614"}}