{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:16:48Z","timestamp":1788437808413,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Celiac disease is a systemic autoimmune affliction triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed subjects. Current estimation of the prevalence of celiac disease is approximately 1% for the global population. These data are consistent with current figures from the Czech Republic (prevalence of 1.06% in 2023). Celiac disease can be associated with several complications including malignancy. Exact epidemiology data on T-cell lymphoma and small intestinal adenocarcinoma in the Czech Republic over the period 2010\u20132023 are also provided. Unlike the no-biopsy approach in children, despite current non-conclusive discussion and besides serology, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, biopsies, and histology are mandatory for proper diagnosis and initial assessment of the severity of celiac disease in adults. However, there are so far no unified and integrated recommendations for the follow-up of adult celiac disease. Although the risk of malignancy in celiac disease is relatively low, especially in a strict gluten-free diet, it might nevertheless be further decreased by an individualized surveillance. Endoscopy controls with biopsies for histology, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry are essential. The purpose of this article was to review the risk and diagnostics of malignancy in celiac disease. A proposal for the individualized surveillance of premalignant gastrointestinal lesions in adult celiac disease was drafted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1876345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:50:32Z","timestamp":1788436232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk of malignancy and surveillance of premalignant gastrointestinal lesions in adult celiac disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Bures","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Military University Hospital","place":["Prague, Czechia"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Military University Hospital","place":["Prague, Czechia"]},{"name":"Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital","place":["Hradec Kralove, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Kamaradova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove; University Hospital","place":["Hradec Kralove, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimira","family":"Rezacova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital","place":["Hradec Kralove, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Zapletalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Screening Centre, Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Cvanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Screening Centre, Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic","place":["Prague, Czechia"]},{"name":"Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine","place":["Brno, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stepan","family":"Suchanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Military University Hospital","place":["Prague, Czechia"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Military University Hospital","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Drastich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadija","family":"Brodyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Military University Hospital","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Dolezal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital","place":["Hradec Kralove, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Tuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnostics, Military University Hospital","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozef","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnostics, Military University Hospital","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Grega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Military University Hospital","place":["Prague, Czechia"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Military University Hospital","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Vokurkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital","place":["Hradec Kralove, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radek","family":"Pohnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Military University Hospital","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Urbanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Military University Hospital","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miroslav","family":"Zavoral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Military University Hospital","place":["Prague, Czechia"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Military University Hospital","place":["Prague, Czechia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darina","family":"Kohoutova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital","place":["Hradec Kralove, Czechia"]},{"name":"The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301346","article-title":"The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms","volume":"62","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Bai\n              JC\n            \n          \n          World Gastroenterology Organisation\n          Wgo Practice Guideline. Celiac Disease\n          \n          2016"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092048","article-title":"Follow-up of celiac disease in adults: \"When, what, who, and where","volume":"15","author":"Mulder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.70119","article-title":"European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease 2025 updated guidelines on the diagnosis and management of coeliac disease in adults. Part 1: Diagnostic approach","volume":"13","author":"Al-Toma","year":"2025","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.01.029","article-title":"Clinical and immunologic features of ultra-short celiac disease","volume":"150","author":"Mooney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2022.03.011","article-title":"Ultra-short celiac disease exhibits differential genetic and immunophenotypic features compared to conventional celiac disease","volume":"45","author":"Mata-Romero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330913","article-title":"New entity of adult ultra-short coeliac disease: the first international cohort and case-control study","volume":"73","author":"Raju","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.01.029","article-title":"Diagnosis of seronegative and ultrashort celiac disease","volume":"167","author":"Volta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-334688","article-title":"Global prevalence of ultra-short coeliac disease (USCD): the first systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Karimzadhagh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"Targeted Screening on Coeliac Disease. Methodological Guideline (in Czech). Bulletin of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic","year":"2011"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306578","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of adult coeliac disease: guidelines from the British Society of Gastroenterology","volume":"63","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000919","article-title":"World gastroenterology organisation global guidelines: celiac disease February 2017","volume":"51","author":"Bai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619844125","article-title":"European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders","volume":"7","author":"Al-Toma","year":"2019","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002497","article-title":"European society paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition guidelines for diagnosing coeliac disease 2020","volume":"70","author":"Husby","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003540","article-title":"ESPGHAN position paper on management and follow-up of children and adolescents with celiac disease","volume":"75","author":"Mearin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.07.086","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on management of refractory celiac disease: Expert review","volume":"163","author":"Green","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002075","article-title":"American College of Gastroenterology guidelines update: Diagnosis and management of celiac disease","volume":"118","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14060959","article-title":"Celiac disease-narrative review on progress in celiac disease","volume":"14","author":"Kowalski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04008-y","article-title":"Diagnosis of celiac disease on a gluten-free diet: a multicenter prospective quasi-experimental clinical study","volume":"23","author":"G\u00f3mez-Aguililla","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003402","article-title":"Utility of the ESPGHAN biopsy-sparing guidelines for celiac disease in children","volume":"120","author":"Sunkoj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.70012","article-title":"European consensus on malabsorption-UEG & SIGE, LGA, SPG, SRGH, CGS, ESPCG, EAGEN, ESPEN, and ESPGHAN. Part 1: Definitions, clinical phenotypes, and diagnostic testing for malabsorption","volume":"13","author":"Lenti","year":"2025","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.70011","article-title":"European consensus on malabsorption-UEG & SIGE, LGA, SPG, SRGH, CGS, ESPCG, EAGEN, ESPEN, and ESPGHAN: Part 2: Screening, special populations, nutritional goals, supportive care, primary care perspective","volume":"13","author":"Lenti","year":"2025","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529309101574","article-title":"Does treatment of coeliac disease require full mucosal recovery","volume":"14","author":"Mulder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rom J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14196934","article-title":"Management strategy for non-responsive and refractory celiac disease in adults: a review article","volume":"14","author":"Al-Toma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076163","article-title":"Validation of morphometric analyses of small-intestinal biopsy readouts in celiac disease","volume":"8","author":"Taavela","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.07.024","article-title":"Celiac disease: Ten things that every gastroenterologist should know","volume":"13","author":"Oxentenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B27","article-title":"Role of biopsy in diagnosis and treatment of adult celiac disease","volume":"11","author":"Freeman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520000537","article-title":"Optimising the follow-up of adult coeliac disease with a clinical-based score to identify patients in need of a histological reassessment: a retrospective single centre study","volume":"123","author":"Harder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.07.021","article-title":"The strategic use of biopsy in the diagnosis of coeliac disease in adults","volume":"55","author":"Deane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-329751","article-title":"Persistent villous atrophy predicts development of complications and mortality in adult patients with coeliac disease: a multicentre longitudinal cohort study and development of a score to identify high-risk patients","volume":"72","author":"Schiepatti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.08.051","article-title":"Standardizing randomized controlled trials in celiac disease: An international multidisciplinary appropriateness study","volume":"166","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00872-2","article-title":"Guidelines for best practices in monitoring established coeliac disease in adult patients","volume":"21","author":"Elli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2024.0362","article-title":"Optimising the diagnosis of adult coeliac disease: Current evidence and future directions","volume":"85","author":"Shiha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med (London)"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/AIoa2400738","article-title":"Machine learning achieves pathologist-level coeliac disease diagnosis","volume":"2","author":"Jaeckle","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med AI"},{"key":"B35","unstructured":"Endoscopic features of coeliac disease\n          \n          \n            \n              Bures\n              J\n            \n            \n              Rejchrt\n              S\n            \n            \n              Kopacova\n              M\n            \n            \n              Tacheci\n              I\n            \n            \n              Papik\n              Z\n            \n            \n              Siroky\n            \n          \n          Folia Gastroenterol Hepatol\n          \n          2005"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13061507","article-title":"Malignancies in celiac disease-a hidden threat with diagnostic pitfalls","volume":"13","author":"Kubas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2015.05.006","article-title":"Preventing complications in celiac disease: our experience with managing adult celiac disease","volume":"29","author":"Mulder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132776","article-title":"Non-responsive and refractory coeliac disease: Experience from the NHS England National Centre","volume":"14","author":"Penny","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312762","article-title":"Disease activity indices in coeliac disease: systematic review and recommendations for clinical trials","volume":"67","author":"Hindryckx","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13703","article-title":"Systematic review: patient-reported outcome measures in coeliac disease for regulatory submissions","volume":"44","author":"Canestaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16808","article-title":"Prevalence and etiologies of non-responsive celiac disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i24.2978","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Bures","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v13.i3.200","article-title":"Possible relationship between refractory celiac disease and Malignancies","volume":"13","author":"Demiroren","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910383","article-title":"Refractory celiac disease: What the gastroenterologist should know","volume":"25","author":"Verdelho MaChado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111633","article-title":"The usefulness of intraepithelial lymphocyte immunophenotype testing for the diagnosis of coeliac disease in clinical practice","volume":"16","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Rios","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2005.02.001","article-title":"Refractory coeliac disease","volume":"19","author":"Daum","year":"2005","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2018.09.010","article-title":"Refractory celiac disease","volume":"48","author":"Malamut","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1540-7476","article-title":"Results from the German registry for refractory celiac disease","volume":"59","author":"Weber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.26521","article-title":"A no-biopsy approach for the diagnosis of celiac disease in adults: Can it be real","volume":"14","author":"Baykan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.10.025","article-title":"Flow cytometry for the assessment and monitoring of aberrant intraepithelial lymphocytes in non-responsive celiac disease and non-celiac enteropathies","volume":"56","author":"Schiepatti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2021-0025","article-title":"An update on coeliac disease from the NHS England National Centre for Refractory Coeliac Disease","volume":"21","author":"Rej","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Med (London)"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-024-08436-3","article-title":"Budesonide induces favourable histologic and symptomatic recovery in patients with non-responsive and refractory coeliac disease when given in an open capsule format","volume":"69","author":"Saitta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2005.02.001","article-title":"Refractory coeliac disease: a window between coeliac disease and enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma","volume":"232","author":"Mulder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.02.048","article-title":"Advances in nonresponsive and refractory celiac disease","volume":"167","author":"Malamut","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adp6812","article-title":"Expanded T cell clones with lymphoma driver somatic mutations accumulate in refractory celiac disease","volume":"17","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2025.02.009","article-title":"Complicated celiac disease: refractory celiac disease and seronegative villous atrophy spectrum","volume":"35","author":"Bouma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20524\/aog.2021.0586","article-title":"Small bowel capsule endoscopy in refractory celiac disease: a luxury or a necessity","volume":"34","author":"Zammit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.11.010","article-title":"Effectiveness of capsule endoscopy and double-balloon enteroscopy in suspected complicated celiac disease","volume":"20","author":"Ferretti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.05.022","article-title":"Enduring clinical remission in refractory celiac disease type II with tofacitinib: an open-label clinical study","volume":"22","author":"Dieckman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.84770","article-title":"Tofacitinib in the treatment of refractory adult-onset still's disease co-diagnosed with celiac disease: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Alhayali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17235\/reed.2024","article-title":"Can flow cytometry be a key in the difficult diagnosis of coeliac disease? A case report","volume":"118","author":"Castaneda","year":"2026","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3972.375","article-title":"The clinical and biochemical syndrome in lymphadenoma and allied diseases involving the mesenteric lymph glands","volume":"1","author":"Fairlay","year":"1937","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.3.3.232","article-title":"Intestinal reticulosis as a complication of idiopathic steatorrhoea","volume":"3","author":"Gough","year":"1962","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B64","unstructured":"Clinical manifestations, pathologic features, and diagnosis of enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma\n          \n          \n          Wolters Kluwer\n          Uptodate\n          \n          2026"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01122.x","article-title":"The value of double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with refractory celiac disease","volume":"102","author":"Hadithi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.07.017","article-title":"Role of capsule endoscopy and double-balloon enteroscopy in the management of adult patients with coeliac disease and persisting symptoms","volume":"57","author":"Shiha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"B67","article-title":"Tumours of the small intestine","volume-title":"Capsule Endoscopy","author":"Drastich","year":"2008"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.032094","article-title":"Malignant lymphomas in coeliac disease: evidence of increased risks for lymphoma types other than enteropathy-type T cell lymphoma","volume":"54","author":"Smedby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520802240222","article-title":"Incidence of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma: a nation-wide study of a population-based registry in The Netherlands","volume":"43","author":"Verbeek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2006.03.002","article-title":"Malignancies and mortality in patients with coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis: 30-year population-based study","volume":"38","author":"Viljamaa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra071600","article-title":"Celiac disease","volume":"357","author":"Green","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B72","unstructured":"Epidemiology and clinical features of small bowel neoplasms\n          \n          \n            \n              Overman\n              MJ\n            \n          \n          Wolters Kluwer\n          Uptodate\n          \n          2026"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003574","article-title":"Different survival outcomes of small bowel adenocarcinomas and T-cell lymphomas associated with celiac disease","volume":"120","author":"Santacroce","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2025.12.029","article-title":"Clinical features and survival in primary intestinal lymphomas: a multicentre study","volume":"58","author":"Aronico","year":"2026","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001612","article-title":"Association between coeliac disease and risk of any Malignancy and gastrointestinal Malignancy: a meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v15.i8.1048","article-title":"Prevalence of Malignant neoplasms in celiac disease patients - a nationwide United States population-based study","volume":"15","author":"Haider","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.05.034","article-title":"Cancer risk in 47,241 individuals with celiac disease: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021565","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer in celiac disease patients-a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Gromny","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03320-w","article-title":"Gut inflammation and tumorigenesis: every site has a different tale to tell","volume":"18","author":"Vanoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030780","article-title":"Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and celiac disease: rare or neglected association","volume":"14","author":"Pes","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00865.x","article-title":"A reassessment of splenic hypofunction in celiac disease","volume":"94","author":"Corazza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B82","first-page":"7","article-title":"Functional hyposplenism","volume":"18","author":"Kirkineska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12121328","article-title":"Vaccine efficacy and safety in patients with celiac disease","volume":"12","author":"Scarmozzino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-025-09350-y","article-title":"Adult patients with celiac disease are under-vaccinated against pneumococcal disease: a quality improvement study","volume":"70","author":"Payne","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i15.2313","article-title":"Is it worth investigating splenic function in patients with celiac disease","volume":"19","author":"Di Sabatino","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41939.x","article-title":"Depletion of immunoglobulin M memory B cells is associated with splenic hypofunction in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"100","author":"Di Sabatino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.8.666","article-title":"Coeliac disease, splenic function, and Malignancy","volume":"23","author":"Robertson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1542-3565(05)00982-1","article-title":"Splenic hypofunction and the spectrum of autoimmune and Malignant complications in celiac disease","volume":"4","author":"Di Sabatino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.12.026","article-title":"Celiac disease affects 1% of global population: who will manage all these patients","volume":"167","author":"Kurppa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl210382","article-title":"Seronegative celiac disease in patients with isolated refractory dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"16","author":"Tokmak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021188","article-title":"Meta-analysis and systematic review of HLA DQ2\/DQ8 in adults with celiac disease","volume":"24","author":"Aboulaghras","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2415548","article-title":"Celiac disease","volume":"394","author":"Murray","year":"2026","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0198-8859(03)00027-2","article-title":"HLA types in celiac disease patients not carrying the DQA1*05-DQB1*02 (DQ2) heterodimer: results from the European Genetics Cluster on Celiac Disease","volume":"64","author":"Karell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2024.12.009","article-title":"Immunology in celiac disease","volume":"35","author":"Marietta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.06.003","article-title":"Severe spruelike enteropathy associated with olmesartan","volume":"87","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.45","article-title":"Villous atrophy and negative celiac serology: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma","volume":"108","author":"DeGaetani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12937","article-title":"Olmesartan-associated enteropathy: results of a national survey","volume":"40","author":"Marthey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12850","article-title":"Letter: telmisartan-associated enteropathy \u2013 is there any class effect","volume":"40","author":"Cyrany","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2021.02.024","article-title":"Olmesartan associated enteropathy. A multiface clinical and histological entity","volume":"53","author":"Del Sordo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.06.025","article-title":"Olmesartan-induced enteropathy: more than one entity","volume":"105","author":"Famularo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.05.013","article-title":"Adult autoimmune enteropathy: Mayo Clinic Rochester experience","volume":"5","author":"Akram","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000387","article-title":"Adult-onset autoimmune enteropathy in an European tertiary referral center","volume":"12","author":"van Wanrooij","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00442-8","article-title":"The present and future of gastroenterology and hepatology: an international SWOT analysis (the GASTROSWOT project)","volume":"7","author":"de-Madaria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-022-01932-1","article-title":"SWOT analysis of noninvasive tests for diagnosing NAFLD with severe fibrosis: an expert review by the JANIT Forum","volume":"58","author":"Kamada","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1876345\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:50:34Z","timestamp":1788436234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1876345\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":104,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1876345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1876345","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"article-number":"1876345"}}