{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:59:51Z","timestamp":1790312391994,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Improved survival in multiple myeloma (MM) patients after high-dose chemotherapy, autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT), and novel agents has led to an increasing incidence of therapy-related hematological malignancies (t-HM), although optimal management remains unclear, particularly the role of allogeneic HCT (allo-HCT). We conducted a retrospective single-center study of adult MM patients who underwent first auto-HCT between 2010 and 2025 and subsequently developed t-HM, analyzing clinical, molecular, cytogenetic features, treatment strategies, and outcomes, with a focus on allo-HCT. Among 519 patients, 23 (4.4%) developed t-HM, including therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (43%), myelodysplastic syndrome (35%), and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (17%), with a median latency of 58.7 months after auto-HCT. High-risk genetics were common, including\n                    <jats:italic>TP53<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations in 52% and complex cytogenetics in 35%. Fourteen patients (61%) underwent allo-HCT, mainly with reduced-intensity conditioning. Median overall survival (OS) for the cohort was 31.5 months, while patients receiving allo-HCT had significantly superior OS compared with non-transplanted patients (median not reached vs. 2.5 months;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.046). Therapy-related hematologic malignancies after MM treatment are uncommon but aggressive and genetically high-risk. In this cohort, allo-HCT was associated with improved survival and may represent a potentially curative approach in selected patients despite substantial toxicity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1887912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:26:15Z","timestamp":1790310375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for therapy-related hematological malignancies in patients with multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Maulhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen","place":["Goettingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander Casimir","family":"Angleitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen","place":["Goettingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"B\u00fcntzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen","place":["Goettingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Westhofen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen","place":["Goettingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarete Elisabeth","family":"Laage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen","place":["Goettingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Hasenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen","place":["Goettingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Detlef Thomas","family":"Haase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen","place":["Goettingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"Treiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen","place":["Goettingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enver","family":"Aydilek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen","place":["Goettingen, Germany"]},{"name":"Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, University Hospital Bielefeld","place":["Bielefeld, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Lena","family":"Illert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen","place":["Goettingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen","place":["Goettingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald Georg","family":"Wulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen","place":["Goettingen, 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