{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:14:08Z","timestamp":1786115648479,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1904204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T04:24:25Z","timestamp":1785990265000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intratumoral bacteria in cancer: from detection to biological relevance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mingjie","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Engineering & Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application and Translation in Organ Transplantation","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory for Hepatopathy and Transplantation Medicine","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Engineering & Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application and Translation in Organ Transplantation","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory for Hepatopathy and Transplantation Medicine","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Engineering & Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Clinical Application and Translation in Organ Transplantation","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory for Hepatopathy and Transplantation Medicine","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.08.006","article-title":"Microbiome and cancer","volume":"39","author":"Cullin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.cd-21-1059","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: New dimensions","volume":"12","author":"Hanahan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01235-16","article-title":"The microbiota of breast tissue and its association with breast cancer","volume":"82","author":"Urbaniak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah5043","article-title":"Potential role of intratumor bacteria in mediating tumor resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine","volume":"357","author":"Geller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay9189","article-title":"The human tumor microbiome is composed of tumor type-specific intracellular bacteria","volume":"368","author":"Nejman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402x.2020.1800957","article-title":"Characterization of the human tumor microbiome reveals tumor-type specific intra-cellular bacteria","volume":"9","author":"Livyatan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00446-9","article-title":"Intracellular bacteria in cancer-prospects and debates","volume":"9","author":"Schorr","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52843\/cassyni.77602k","article-title":"Effect of the intratumoral microbiota on spatial and cellular heterogeneity in cancer","volume":"611","author":"Galeano Ni\u00f1o","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.02.027","article-title":"Tumor-resident intracellular microbiota promotes metastatic colonization in breast cancer","volume":"185","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2022.09.009","article-title":"Tumor microbiome links cellular programs and immunity in pancreatic cancer","volume":"40","author":"Ghaddar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.cd-17-1134","article-title":"The pancreatic cancer microbiome promotes oncogenesis by induction of innate and adaptive immune suppression","volume":"8","author":"Pushalkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06081-w","article-title":"Microbial peptides activate tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in glioblastoma","volume":"617","author":"Naghavian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.23.01488","article-title":"Intratumoral Escherichia is associated with improved survival to single-agent immune checkpoint inhibition in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"42","author":"Elkrief","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01304-4","article-title":"Intratumoral microbiota: Roles in cancer initiation, development and therapeutic efficacy","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1269054","article-title":"Intratumor microbiota in cancer pathogenesis and immunity: From mechanisms of action to therapeutic opportunities","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hep.0000000000000427","article-title":"Intratumoral microbial heterogeneity affected tumor immune microenvironment and determined clinical outcome of HBV-related HCC","volume":"78","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03368-8","article-title":"Identification of bacteria-derived HLA-bound peptides in melanoma","volume":"592","author":"Kalaora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iotech.2025.101066","article-title":"Intratumoral microbiome is associated with the response to cancer immunotherapy in lung cancer patients with high PD-L1 expression","volume":"28","author":"Shoji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunooncol Technol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.24.00908","article-title":"Mechanisms by which the intratumoral microbiome may potentiate immunotherapy response","volume":"42","author":"Negr\u00f3n-Figueroa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1409464","article-title":"The intratumoral microbiota: A new horizon in cancer immunology","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04596-22","article-title":"Intratumoral microbiota changes with tumor stage and influences the immune signature of oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Pratap Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads6335","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of microbial content in whole-genome sequencing samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas project","volume":"17","author":"Ge","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03957-4","article-title":"Microbial signals in primary and metastatic brain tumors","volume":"31","author":"Morad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2022.216041","article-title":"Reduction of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the mammary tumor microbiota induces antitumor immunity and decreases breast cancer aggressiveness","volume":"555","author":"Bernardo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2022.08.004","article-title":"Polymorphic microbes: A new emerging hallmark of cancer","volume":"30","author":"Lythgoe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01693-0","article-title":"Intratumoural microbiota: A new frontier in cancer development and therapy","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.06.017","article-title":"Cancer-type-specific bacteria: Freeloaders or partners","volume":"38","author":"Greathouse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.11.004","article-title":"The tumor microbiome in pancreatic cancer: Bacteria and beyond","volume":"36","author":"McAllister","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13051261","article-title":"Spatial heterogeneity of intratumoral microbiota: A new frontier in cancer immunotherapy resistance","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1904204\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T04:24:26Z","timestamp":1785990266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1904204\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1904204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1904204","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"article-number":"1904204"}}