{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:07:21Z","timestamp":1789103241670,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a poor prognosis due to metastasis, delayed diagnosis and drug resistance. Therefore, the early diagnosis of the disease is of vital importance, but currently there are no validated circulating blood biomarkers available for the prediction of early-stage renal cell carcinoma. This study aimed to identify plasma exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as novel diagnostic biomarkers to support early RCC diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We obtained 5 mL plasma from every individual among 6 RCC patients and 6 healthy controls, alongside other 36 paired RCC tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Plasma exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and western blotting (WB). Differentially expressed exosomal lncRNAs were screened by next\u2010generation sequencing (NGS). Candidate lncRNAs were validated by qPCR in RCC cell lines and clinical tissues. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the area under curve (AUC) analysis were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy. Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis was applied to explore the prognostic value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We successfully isolated and identified exosomes. By applying NGS, we successfully screened out five plasma exosomal lncRNAs\u2014ENSG00000261253, FRRS1L, LINC02035, DNAJC7 and SLC16A1-AS1. Meanwhile, sequencing results further confirmed that these lncRNAs are significantly upregulated in plasma exosomes from RCC patients. QPCR was performed to detect the expression levels of five candidate lncRNAs in renal cell carcinoma cell lines as well as paired carcinoma and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Among these lncRNAs, only SLC16A1-AS1 was markedly upregulated in both cellular and tissue specimens. Based on 36 pairs of renal cell cancer tissue samples, the ROC curve was calculated, which revealed its AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.901, indicating excellent diagnostic efficacy and potential for early diagnosis of renal cell cancer. Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis based on the TCGA database further demonstrated that both overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were significantly decreased in the high-expression group, suggesting its high expression predicts unfavorable patient prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study identifies plasma exosomal lncRNA SLC16A1-AS1 may serve as a preliminary potential non-invasive biomarker for RCC early diagnosis and prognostic monitoring. Future\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/vitro experiments will explore its functional mechanisms, providing theoretical basis for RCC treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1908708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:33:49Z","timestamp":1789101229000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plasma exosomal lncRNA SLC16A1-AS1 as an early diagnostic biomarker for renal cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University","place":["Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-023-03140-6","article-title":"Slc14a1 is a new biomarker in renal cancer","volume":"25","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18353-9","article-title":"Changes in disease burden and global inequalities in bladder, kidney and prostate cancers from 1990 to 2019: a comparative analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-025-05894-w","article-title":"Symptomatic presentation of renal cell carcinoma","volume":"43","author":"L\u00f3pez-Chaim","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc6010029","article-title":"Radiology imaging scans for early diagnosis of kidney tumors: a review of data analytics-based machine learning and deep learning approaches","volume":"6","author":"Gharaibeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Big Data Cogn Computing"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1428584","article-title":"A future directions of renal cell carcinoma treatment: combination of immune checkpoint inhibition and carbon ion radiotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-020-01419-0","article-title":"Lncrna HOTAIR induces sunitinib resistance in renal cancer by acting as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate autophagy of renal cells","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11113095","article-title":"Psma-expression is highly associated with histological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma: potential implications for theranostic approaches","volume":"11","author":"Bui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2019.05.007","article-title":"Clinical validity of saliva and novel technology for cancer detection","volume":"1872","author":"Kaczor-Urbanowicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)-Reviews Cancer"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126417","article-title":"Critical review of the evolution of extracellular vesicles\u2019 knowledge: from 1946 to today","volume":"22","author":"Bazzan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1066288","article-title":"Role of tumor-derived exosomes in metastasis, drug resistance and diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-024-03700-4","article-title":"Roles of lncrna ARSR in tumor proliferation, drug resistance, and lipid and cholesterol metabolism","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S272378","article-title":"Cancer-derived exosomes: their role in cancer biology and biomarker development","volume":"15","author":"Kok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-024-03619-w","article-title":"Unveiling the functions of five recently characterized lncrnas in cancer progression","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112801","article-title":"Lncrna MNX1-AS1: a novel oncogenic propellant in cancers","volume":"149","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1039813","article-title":"The lncrna signature associated with cuproptosis as a novel biomarker of prognosis in immunotherapy and drug screening for clear cell renal cell carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.05.027","article-title":"Integrated lncrna function upon genomic and epigenomic regulation","volume":"82","author":"Herman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02467-1","article-title":"Circulating exosomal mRNA signatures for the early diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3919","DOI":"10.62347\/YCEB1273","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle lncrna AGAP2-AS1 as a non-invasive prognostic biomarker in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Fujii","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338221077803","article-title":"Silencing lncrna SLC16A1-AS1 induced ferroptosis in renal cell carcinoma through miR-143-3p\/SLC7A11 signaling","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2024.189188","article-title":"Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as potential biomarkers in tumor early diagnosis","volume":"1879","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)-Reviews Cancer"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.122850","article-title":"Revealing the role of serum exosomal novel long non-coding RNA NAMPT-AS as a promising diagnostic\/prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"352","author":"Rizk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1615433","article-title":"Exosomal ncRNAs in liquid biopsy: a new paradigm for early cancer diagnosis and monitoring","volume":"15","author":"Ghani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052461","article-title":"Exosomal RNAs: novel potential biomarkers for diseases\u2014a review","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-24-127","article-title":"Identification of a cancer driver gene-associated lncrna signature for prognostic prediction and immune response evaluation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trans Cancer Res"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01745-7","article-title":"Liquid biopsy at the frontier in renal cell carcinoma: recent analysis of techniques and clinical application","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32875","article-title":"Exosomes as novel tools for renal cell carcinoma therapy, diagnosis, and prognosis","volume":"10","author":"Razavinia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.70289","article-title":"Renal cell carcinoma-derived exosomes deliver lncarSR to induce macrophage polarization and promote tumor progression via STAT3 pathway","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15020376","article-title":"The tumor microenvironment in tumorigenesis and therapy resistance revisited","volume":"15","author":"Dzobo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-022-00283-7","article-title":"Blood-derived lncrnas as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis: the good, the bad and the beauty","volume":"6","author":"Badowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Precis Oncol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0449","article-title":"Angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and anti-angiogenic therapies","volume":"20","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13101611","article-title":"The roles of extracellular vesicles in the progression of renal cell carcinoma and their potential for future clinical application","volume":"13","author":"Takeda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121624","article-title":"Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles: isolation, purification, and multiple roles in normal and tumor tissues","volume":"321","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12051200","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA PANTR1 is associated with poor prognosis and influences angiogenesis and apoptosis in clear-cell renal cell cancer","volume":"12","author":"Seles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.658698","article-title":"Natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles: novel players in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13030473","article-title":"The interplay of exosomes and NK cells in cancer biology","volume":"13","author":"Batista","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123435","article-title":"Aspects of the epigenetic regulation of EMT related to cancer metastasis","volume":"10","author":"Nowak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2024.03.014","article-title":"Exosomal long non-coding RNAs in cancer: interplay, modulation, and therapeutic avenues","volume":"9","author":"Marima","year":"2024","journal-title":"Non-coding RNA Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1908708\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:33:54Z","timestamp":1789101234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1908708\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1908708"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1908708","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"article-number":"1908708"}}