{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T05:24:50Z","timestamp":1787117090143,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia have poor outcomes, particularly after failure of venetoclax-based therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analysed 16 adults with relapsed\/refractory AML or early induction failure who received liposomal mitoxantrone, venetoclax and azacitidine (MVA) at a single centre between March 2024 and August 2025. The primary endpoint was composite complete remission (CRc), defined as complete remission or complete remission with incomplete haematological recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median age was 58.5 years. Eight patients had relapsed AML, five had refractory AML and three had early induction failure; nine had previously failed venetoclax-based therapy. CRc was achieved in 10\/16 patients (62.5%; 95% CI, 35.4% -84.8%), and the overall response rate was 14\/16 (87.5%; 95% CI, 61.7% -98.4%). Among patients with prior venetoclax failure, 7\/9 achieved CRc (77.8%; 95% CI, 40.0% -97.2%). Four patients proceeded to allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Grade 3 -4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 16\/16 and 14\/16 patients, respectively. No treatment-related deaths occurred during MVA therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that MVA had clinical activity as a salvage regimen for difficult-to-treat AML, including patients with prior venetoclax failure, with expected myelosuppression and potential bridging utility before allo-HSCT. Prospective studies are needed to confirm efficacy and define patient selection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1909165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T04:35:10Z","timestamp":1787114110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Liposomal mitoxantrone, venetoclax and azacitidine in relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia and early induction failure: a single-centre real-world study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqi","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehui","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022018092","article-title":"Metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia: mechanistic insights and therapeutic targets","volume":"141","author":"Mishra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0901409","article-title":"High-dose daunorubicin in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"361","author":"L\u00f6wenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.78.7366","article-title":"Improved survival by adding lomustine to conventional chemotherapy for elderly patients with AML without unfavorable cytogenetics: results of the LAM-SA 2007 FILO trial","volume":"36","author":"Pigneux","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403336","article-title":"Addition of cladribine to daunorubicin and cytarabine increases complete remission rate after a single course of induction treatment in acute myeloid leukemia. 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