{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:18:32Z","timestamp":1790983112108,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012465","name":"Dalian Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hidradenocarcinoma is a rare malignant cutaneous adnexal tumor with nonspecific clinical features. Heel involvement is uncommon and may be mistaken for a benign hyperkeratotic or pressure-related lesion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 44-year-old woman was referred in 2020 with a non-healing left heel lesion that, according to retrospective history, had been regarded as a corn for approximately 25 years. After ulceration and failure to heal following laser treatment, extended excision was performed. Histopathological examination supported hidradenocarcinoma, and all surgical margins were negative. Approximately 2.5 years later, a left inguinal mass developed. Pathological examination showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma consistent with hidradenocarcinoma, with lymphovascular tumor emboli and findings suspicious for lymph-node metastasis. Estrogen receptor expression was negative, progesterone receptor showed weak positivity in fewer than 1% of tumor cells, and HER2 amplification was not detected by fluorescence\n                      <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      hybridization. Nab-paclitaxel plus cisplatin achieved stable disease after four cycles. Subsequent gemcitabine plus capecitabine was accompanied by progression, grade 3 anemia, and grade 2 thrombocytopenia. Skeletal and intracranial metastases were identified in early 2024, after which the patient was lost to follow-up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent, enlarging, ulcerated, recurrent, or treatment-resistant acral lesions warrant timely pathological assessment. Complete excision remains central to localized disease, whereas regional staging, radiotherapy, systemic treatment, and molecularly guided therapy should be individualized because supporting evidence remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1914842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T04:22:48Z","timestamp":1786681368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Heel hidradenocarcinoma regarded as a corn for 25 years with subsequent multiorgan metastasis: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lianbo","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstruction, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstruction, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstruction, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstruction, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiabin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstruction, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstruction, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haidong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstruction, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstruction, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000004140","article-title":"Hidradenocarcinoma: a case series from the Scripps Clinic with a systematic review of the literature","volume":"50","author":"Kent","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2009.18","article-title":"Atypical and Malignant hidradenomas: a histological and immunohistochemical study","volume":"22","author":"Nazarian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e3181984f10","article-title":"Cutaneous hidradenocarcinoma: a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular biologic study of 14 cases, including Her2\/neu gene expression\/amplification, TP53 gene mutation analysis, and t(11;19) translocation","volume":"31","author":"Kazakov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2032313","article-title":"Prognostic analysis of hidradenocarcinoma: a SEER-based observational study","volume":"54","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2015.517","article-title":"Current management approach to hidradenocarcinoma: a comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Soni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2017.03.024","article-title":"Hidradenocarcinoma of the heel associated with inguinal metastases","volume":"144","author":"Labbardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.024","article-title":"Malignant hidradenocarcinoma in the lower extremity: a case report of a rare tumor","volume":"57","author":"Kane","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000002387","article-title":"Low-grade hidradenocarcinoma of the foot with metastasis to a lymph node","volume":"45","author":"Roman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11327","article-title":"Sentinel lymph node analysis in patients with sweat gland carcinoma","volume":"97","author":"Delgado","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11328","article-title":"Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in the detection of early metastasis from sweat gland carcinoma","volume":"97","author":"Bogner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19900415)65:8<1737::aid-cncr2820650813>3.0.co;2-q","article-title":"The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of Malignant sweat gland neoplasms","volume":"65","author":"Harari","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.10.1366","article-title":"Metastatic hidradenocarcinoma: efficacy of capecitabine","volume":"142","author":"Jouary","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03301.x","article-title":"Sunitinib efficacy in the treatment of metastatic skin adnexal carcinomas: report of two patients with hidradenocarcinoma and trichoblastic carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"Battistella","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2006.00570.x","article-title":"Metastatic hidradenocarcinoma with demonstration of Her-2\/neu gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization: potential treatment implications","volume":"34","author":"Nash","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047290","article-title":"Apocrine-eccrine carcinomas: molecular and immunohistochemical analyses","volume":"7","author":"Le","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2011.48","article-title":"A potential role for targeted therapy in a subset of metastasizing adnexal carcinomas","volume":"24","author":"Dias-Santagata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1914842\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T04:22:49Z","timestamp":1786681369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1914842\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1914842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1914842","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"article-number":"1914842"}}