{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:24:58Z","timestamp":1787585098643,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":189,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adenosine is a central metabolic regulator of tumor immune escape, shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) through suppression of effector lymphocytes and reprogramming of myeloid populations. Extracellular adenosine is generated primarily via the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and signals through A2A (A2AR) and A2B (A2BR) receptors on T cells, NK cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and dendritic cells. This pathway promotes T-cell exhaustion, inhibits cytotoxicity, and enhances myeloid-driven immunosuppression, creating metabolic and spatial barriers that limit the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade, STING agonists, radiotherapy, and emerging photothermal or nanomaterial-based therapies. Preclinical studies demonstrate that targeting the adenosine axis\u2014via CD39\/CD73 inhibition, receptor blockade, or combination strategies\u2014can restore immune effector function, reprogram suppressive myeloid niches, and potentiate antitumor immunity. Spatial and circulating biomarkers, including tumor and exosomal CD73, adenosine gradients, and TAM\/MDSC infiltration, may guide patient stratification and optimize combinatorial immunotherapy. Integrating adenosine-targeted approaches with PD-1\/PD-L1 blockade, STING agonists, or adoptive cell therapies offers a rational strategy to overcome resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes. This review summarizes recent experimental evidence on the mechanisms of adenosine-mediated immune suppression, highlights translational opportunities, and discusses strategies for personalized and combination therapies aimed at dismantling metabolic immune checkpoints in cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1915472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:42:20Z","timestamp":1787582540000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adenosine signaling in tumor immune escape: metabolic checkpoints, myeloid suppression, and combination immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengbiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongtong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University","place":["Luzhou, China"]},{"name":"Obesity and Metabolism Medicine-Engineering Integration Laboratory, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People\u2019s Hospital of Chengdu","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00549-2","article-title":"The MYC oncogene - the grand orchestrator of cancer growth and immune evasion","volume":"19","author":"Dhanasekaran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-021-00339-z","article-title":"Antigen presentation in cancer: insights into tumour immunogenicity and immune evasion","volume":"21","author":"Jhunjhunwala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2024.101170","article-title":"Autophagy in cancer development, immune evasion, and drug resistance","volume":"78","author":"Niu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Resist Update"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.06.003","article-title":"Cancer stem cell mimicry for immune evasion and therapeutic resistance","volume":"31","author":"Saw","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-025-01205-5","article-title":"Tumor PD-L1 induces \u03b22m ubiquitylation and degradation for cancer cell immune evasion","volume":"36","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56714-z","article-title":"WNT11 promotes immune evasion and resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in liver metastasis","volume":"16","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35710-7","article-title":"Tumor-intrinsic YTHDF1 drives immune evasion and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors via promoting MHC-I degradation","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10983","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66800-x","article-title":"ERBB2 signaling drives immune cell evasion and resistance against immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer","volume":"16","author":"Meder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02276-z","article-title":"IL-4 mediated TAP2 downregulation is a dominant and reversible mechanism of immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"24","author":"Ranjan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113295","article-title":"KEAP1 mutation in lung adenocarcinoma promotes immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance","volume":"42","author":"Zavitsanou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2021.04.008","article-title":"Extracellular ATP and adenosine in cancer pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Chiarella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2020.12.005","article-title":"Targeting adenosine and regulatory T cells in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"82","author":"Churov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2025.101272","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages via adenosine-A(2A)R signaling drives cross-resistance in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"82","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Resist Update"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.292","article-title":"Extracellular adenosine triphosphate and adenosine in cancer","volume":"29","author":"Stagg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01733-x","article-title":"CD39\/CD73\/A2AR pathway and cancer immunotherapy","volume":"22","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13092105","article-title":"Increased extracellular adenosine in radiotherapy-resistant breast cancer cells enhances tumor progression through A2AR-Akt-\u03b2-catenin signaling","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1212209","article-title":"Inhibitors of the CD73-adenosinergic checkpoint as promising combinatory agents for conventional and advanced cancer immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Kurago","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4093214","article-title":"Adenosine generated by regulatory T cells induces CD8(+) T cell exhaustion in gastric cancer through A2aR pathway","volume":"2019","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11729","article-title":"Activation of the A2B adenosine receptor in B16 melanomas induces CXCL12 expression in FAP-positive tumor stromal cells, enhancing tumor progression","volume":"7","author":"Sorrentino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-026-05261-5","article-title":"Resveratrol-mediated disruption of the CD73-adenosine-A2AR\/A2BR axis induces antitumor activity in colon cancer cells","volume":"399","author":"Talebi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-004043","article-title":"Exosomal CD73 from serum of patients with melanoma suppresses lymphocyte functions and is associated with therapy resistance to anti-PD-1 agents","volume":"10","author":"Turiello","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-004592","article-title":"A(2B) adenosine receptor antagonists rescue lymphocyte activity in adenosine-producing patient-derived cancer models","volume":"10","author":"Tay","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-22-2553","article-title":"CD73-dependent adenosine signaling through Adora2b drives immunosuppression in ductal pancreatic cancer","volume":"83","author":"Faraoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-026-04400-4","article-title":"CD39\/CD73-mediated immunosuppression and tumor aggressiveness in bladder cancer","volume":"75","author":"Furriel","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118389","article-title":"Ectonucleotidase CD73 and CD39 expression in non-small cell lung cancer relates to hypoxia and immunosuppressive pathways","volume":"259","author":"Giatromanolaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.cir-22-0260","article-title":"CD73 inhibits cGAS-STING and cooperates with CD39 to promote pancreatic cancer","volume":"11","author":"Jacoberger-Foissac","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062413","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 induces the secretion of extracellular vesicles enriched with CD39 and CD73 from cervical cancer cells","volume":"26","author":"Molina-Castillo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402x.2024.2346359","article-title":"Expression of CD39 is associated with T cell exhaustion in ovarian cancer and its blockade reverts T cell dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Witt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.03.046","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming nanomedicine potentiates colon cancer sonodynamic immunotherapy by inhibiting the CD39\/CD73\/ADO pathway","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01794-9","article-title":"Inhibition of CD39 unleashes macrophage antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis against B-cell lymphoma","volume":"37","author":"Casey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01207-x","article-title":"Amplification of spatially isolated adenosine pathway by tumor-macrophage interaction induces anti-PD1 resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-016-0154-9","article-title":"Adenosine-generating ovarian cancer cells attract myeloid cells which differentiate into adenosine-generating tumor associated macrophages - a self-amplifying, CD39- and CD73-dependent mechanism for tumor immune escape","volume":"4","author":"Montalb\u00e1n Del Barrio","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-013640","article-title":"CD73 blockade enhances antitumor efficacy of oHSV in solid tumors by increasing macrophage-mediated antigen presentation","volume":"14","author":"Murphy","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58524-9","article-title":"MGAT1-guided complex N-glycans on CD73 regulate immune evasion in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"16","author":"Chi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.87440","article-title":"Dual role of CD73 as a signaling molecule and adenosine-generating enzyme in colorectal cancer progression and immune evasion","volume":"20","author":"Lian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14060-x","article-title":"CD73 on cancer-associated fibroblasts enhanced by the A(2B)-mediated feedforward circuit enforces an immune checkpoint","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.217098","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps promote immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma by up-regulating CD73 through Notch2","volume":"598","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci176390","article-title":"Pharmacological suppression of the OTUD4\/CD73 proteolytic axis revives antitumor immunity against immune-suppressive breast cancers","volume":"134","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-22-0770","article-title":"MET-induced CD73 restrains STING-mediated immunogenicity of EGFR-mutant lung cancer","volume":"82","author":"Yoshida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.91119","article-title":"Tumor cell senescence-induced macrophage CD73 expression is a critical metabolic immune checkpoint in the aging tumor microenvironment","volume":"14","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2016.06.009","article-title":"A2A adenosine receptor antagonists to weaken the hypoxia-HIF-1\u03b1 driven immunosuppression and improve immunotherapies of cancer","volume":"29","author":"Hatfield","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402x.2017.1320011","article-title":"CD39\/CD73 upregulation on myeloid-derived suppressor cells via TGF-\u03b2-mTOR-HIF-1 signaling in patients with non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-17-2460","article-title":"Metformin-induced reduction of CD39 and CD73 blocks myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity in patients with ovarian cancer","volume":"78","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.73699","article-title":"Engineered natural killer cells impede the immunometabolic CD73-adenosine axis in solid tumors","volume":"11","author":"Chambers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.05.24.493238","article-title":"Defining the spatial distribution of extracellular adenosine revealed a myeloid-dependent immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Graziano","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113889","article-title":"Synergistic blockade of SHP-2 and A2AR signal pathways with targeted nanoparticles restores anti-tumor immunity of CD8+ T cells","volume":"384","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2020.07.005","article-title":"Oxygenation and A2AR blockade to eliminate hypoxia\/HIF-1\u03b1-adenosinergic immunosuppressive axis and improve cancer immunotherapy","volume":"53","author":"Halpin-Veszeleiova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.126092","article-title":"Globo H ceramide confers chemoresistance and poor prognosis to advanced gallbladder cancer via A2AR\/cAMP\/PKA pathway","volume":"16","author":"Hung","year":"2026","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgaf069","article-title":"A2AR-phospho-STAT1 (Y701)-HLA-E axis as a potential immune modulatory pathway in radiotherapy-resistant triple negative breast cancer","volume":"46","author":"Ko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202106967","article-title":"Boosting cancer immunotherapy via the convenient A2AR inhibition using a tunable nanocatalyst with light-enhanced activity","volume":"34","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-025-05826-2","article-title":"USP4-mediated deubiquitination of A2AR suppresses autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in gastric cancer","volume":"82","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.cir-22-0113","article-title":"Adenosine A2a receptor antagonism restores additive cytotoxicity by cytotoxic T cells in metabolically perturbed tumors","volume":"10","author":"Slaats","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100959","article-title":"Adenosine A2a receptor inhibition increases the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD1 treatment in murine hepatobiliary cancers","volume":"6","author":"Myojin","year":"2024","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.cir-19-0833","article-title":"The expression of adenosine A2B receptor on antigen-presenting cells suppresses CD8(+) T-cell responses and promotes tumor growth","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E9640","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1809695115","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-dependent expression of adenosine receptor 2B promotes breast cancer stem cell enrichment","volume":"115","author":"Lan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.70581","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced adenosine A2B receptor expression mediates epigenetic regulation of pluripotency factors and promotes breast cancer stemness","volume":"12","author":"Lan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15922","article-title":"Co-inhibition of adenosine 2b receptor and programmed death-ligand 1 promotes the recruitment and cytotoxicity of natural killer cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.10.062","article-title":"MicroRNA-128b suppresses tumor growth and promotes apoptosis by targeting A2bR in gastric cancer","volume":"467","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.31245","article-title":"Blockade of adenosine A2b receptor reduces tumor growth and migration in renal cell carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-329349","article-title":"CRIP1 fosters MDSC trafficking and resets tumour microenvironment via facilitating NF-\u03baB\/p65 nuclear translocation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"72","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.114916","article-title":"USP5-mediated CD73 deubiquitination drives osimertinib resistance via PI3K\/AKT and glycolysis activation in LUAD","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118188","article-title":"Co-targeting the CD73-adenosinergic axis enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in bladder cancer","volume":"188","author":"Furriel","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117033","article-title":"High levels of soluble CD73 unveil resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma cells","volume":"177","author":"Giraulo","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1366197","article-title":"Targeting CD73 with flavonoids inhibits cancer stem cells and increases lymphocyte infiltration in a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model","volume":"15","author":"Mediratta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01487-x","article-title":"Notch1 promotes resistance to cisplatin by up-regulating Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) in triple-negative breast cancer cells","volume":"9","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.84508","article-title":"The CD73 immune checkpoint promotes tumor cell metabolic fitness","volume":"12","author":"Allard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.149814","article-title":"Feedback activation of CD73-adenosine axis attenuates the antitumor immunity of STING pathway","volume":"708","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci157431","article-title":"Glycoengineered anti-CD39 promotes anticancer responses by depleting suppressive cells and inhibiting angiogenesis in tumor models","volume":"132","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005802","article-title":"Anti-CD73 antibody activates human B cells, enhances humoral responses and induces redistribution of B cells in patients with cancer","volume":"10","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.258","article-title":"Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity characterization of a novel anti-CD73 therapeutic antibody IBI325 for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"229","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-023-01213-w","article-title":"RBFOX2 recognizes N(6)-methyladenosine to suppress transcription and block myeloid leukaemia differentiation","volume":"25","author":"Dou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128256397230920093628","article-title":"CD39+MDSC facilitates cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells by affecting adenosine synthesis","volume":"29","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-19-3954","article-title":"Myeloid cell-derived TGF\u03b2 signaling regulates ECM deposition in mammary carcinoma via adenosine-dependent mechanisms","volume":"80","author":"Vasiukov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4416","article-title":"The N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A)-forming enzyme METTL3 controls myeloid differentiation of normal hematopoietic and leukemia cells","volume":"23","author":"Vu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01654-2","article-title":"Tumor derived exosomal ENTPD2 impair CD8(+) T cell function in colon cancer through ATP-adenosine metabolism reprogramming","volume":"22","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.04.016","article-title":"The loss of RNA N(6)-adenosine methyltransferase Mettl14 in tumor-associated macrophages promotes CD8(+) T cell dysfunction and tumor growth","volume":"39","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-009318","article-title":"Loss of Annexin A1 in macrophages restrains efferocytosis and remodels immune microenvironment in pancreatic cancer by activating the cGAS\/STING pathway","volume":"12","author":"Hou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03689-3","article-title":"A2AR-mediated CXCL5 upregulation on macrophages promotes NSCLC progression via NETosis","volume":"73","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-023-01217-x","article-title":"METTL3 inhibition induced by M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles drives anti-PD-1 therapy resistance via M6A-CD70-mediated immune suppression in thyroid cancer","volume":"30","author":"Ning","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-018-0878-0","article-title":"Astragaloside IV inhibits lung cancer progression and metastasis by modulating macrophage polarization through AMPK signaling","volume":"37","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.09.018","article-title":"Cervical cancer cells produce TGF-\u03b21 through the CD73-adenosine pathway and maintain CD73 expression through the autocrine activity of TGF-\u03b21","volume":"118","author":"Garc\u00eda-Rocha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-19-0923","article-title":"An IL6-adenosine positive feedback loop between CD73(+) \u03b3\u03b4Tregs and CAFs promotes tumor progression in human breast cancer","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05139-3","article-title":"Blockade of CD73\/adenosine axis improves the therapeutic efficacy of docetaxel in epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"299","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20778","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-06812-1","article-title":"CXCL10-induced regulatory T cells and adenosine signaling promote immunosuppression and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38578-3","article-title":"Transcriptional control of pancreatic cancer immunosuppression by metabolic enzyme CD73 in a tumor-autonomous and -autocrine manner","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci167951","article-title":"Targeting TREM1 augments antitumor T cell immunity by inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells and restraining anti-PD-1 resistance","volume":"133","author":"Ajith","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-025-04096-y","article-title":"Cell-specific nanoengineering strategy to disrupt tolerogenic signaling from myeloid-derived suppressor cells and invigorate antitumor immunity in pancreatic cancer","volume":"74","author":"Deshpande","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-02068-5","article-title":"The lactate receptor HCAR1 drives the recruitment of immunosuppressive PMN-MDSCs in colorectal cancer","volume":"26","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114907","article-title":"Eleutheroside A inhibits PI3K\/AKT1\/mTOR-mediated glycolysis in MDSCs to alleviate their immunosuppressive function in gastric cancer","volume":"159","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.04.022","article-title":"Aerobic glycolysis controls myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor immunity via a specific CEBPB isoform in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-022-03336-9","article-title":"STAT3 promotes differentiation of monocytes to MDSCs via CD39\/CD73-adenosine signal pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"72","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06205-y","article-title":"RBM15 recruits myeloid-derived suppressor cells via the m6A-IGF2BP3\/CBR3-AS1\/miR-409-3p\/CXCL1 axis, facilitating radioresistance in non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"23","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23824","article-title":"Doxorubicin resistant cancer cells activate myeloid-derived suppressor cells by releasing PGE2","volume":"6","author":"Rong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123216","article-title":"Immunity\/metabolism dual-regulation via an acidity-triggered bioorthogonal assembly nanoplatform enhances glioblastoma immunotherapy by targeting CXCL12\/CXCR4 and adenosine-A2AR pathways","volume":"319","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70411","article-title":"Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase enhances myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) immunosuppression via the stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) pathway in colorectal cancer","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm (2020)"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg3736","article-title":"Monocytic MDSCs exhibit superior immune suppression via adenosine and depletion of adenosine improves efficacy of immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Sarkar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1730342","article-title":"Targeting CD39 in combination with IL-2\/anti-IL-2 complexes enhances cytotoxic immunity and limits tumor progression","volume":"17","author":"Abrate","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13132","article-title":"Clinical and prognostic significance of CD14 (+) HLA-DR (-\/low) myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma received transarterial radioembolization with Yttrium-90","volume":"95","author":"Boral","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2016.1277305","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating CD39(+)\u03b3\u03b4Tregs are novel immunosuppressive T cells in human colorectal cancer","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048534","article-title":"MDSC subtypes and CD39 expression on CD8(+) T cells predict the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC","volume":"50","author":"Koh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400578","article-title":"Role of TGF-\u03b2 signaling in generation of CD39+CD73+ myeloid cells in tumors","volume":"193","author":"Ryzhov","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17030397","article-title":"Adenosine increases the immunosuppressive capacity of cervical cancer cells by increasing PD-L1 expression and TGF-\u03b2 production through its interaction with A(2A)R\/A(2B)R","volume":"17","author":"Garc\u00eda-Rocha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharm (Basel)"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-017-0665-0","article-title":"Blockade of adenosine A2A receptor enhances CD8(+) T cells response and decreases regulatory T cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.4010","article-title":"Adenosine increases PD-L1 expression in mesenchymal stromal cells derived from cervical cancer through its interaction with A(2A)R\/A(2B)R and the production of TGF-\u03b21","volume":"42","author":"Mar\u00edn-Aquino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101151","article-title":"CD39 inhibition and VISTA blockade may overcome radiotherapy resistance by targeting exhausted CD8+ T cells and immunosuppressive myeloid cells","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2009.02.002","article-title":"Autologous dendritic cells loaded with apoptotic tumor cells induce T cell-mediated immune responses against breast cancer in vitro","volume":"257","author":"Delirezh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300347","article-title":"Enhanced antitumor immunity elicited by dendritic cell vaccines is a result of their ability to engage both CTL and IFN gamma-producing NK cells","volume":"16","author":"Karimi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/cji.0000000000000007","article-title":"CTLA-4 blockade enhances antitumor immunity of intratumoral injection of immature dendritic cells into irradiated tumor in a mouse colon cancer model","volume":"37","author":"Son","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c09365","article-title":"mRNA-based vaccination drives in vivo dendritic cell reprogramming and selective cytotoxic T lymphocyte modulation for enhanced antitumor immunity","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.04.019","article-title":"The inhibitory receptor TIM-3 limits activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in intra-tumoral dendritic cells by suppressing extracellular DNA uptake","volume":"54","author":"de Mingo Pulido","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00337","article-title":"The regulatory status adopted by lymph node dendritic cells and T cells during healthy aging is maintained during cancer and may contribute to reduced responses to immunotherapy","volume":"5","author":"Gardner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-02405-7","article-title":"Serum biomarker panel for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Mun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2020.102240","article-title":"Silencing adenosine A2a receptor enhances dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Masjedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.09.029","article-title":"Reshaping hypoxia and silencing CD73 via biomimetic gelatin nanotherapeutics to boost immunotherapy","volume":"351","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.931316","article-title":"CTLA-4 silencing in dendritic cells loaded with colorectal cancer cell lysate improves autologous T cell responses in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Ghorbaninezhad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.06.003","article-title":"CXCR3 expression in regulatory T cells drives interactions with type I dendritic cells in tumors to restrict CD8(+) T cell antitumor immunity","volume":"56","author":"Moreno Ayala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-021-01398-4","article-title":"N(6)-methyladenosine-modified circIGF2BP3 inhibits CD8(+) T-cell responses to facilitate tumor immune evasion by promoting the deubiquitination of PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-023-00896-8","article-title":"N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) reader IGF2BP1 accelerates gastric cancer development and immune escape by targeting PD-L1","volume":"66","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Biotechnol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-021-01447-y","article-title":"METTL3\/IGF2BP3 axis inhibits tumor immune surveillance by upregulating N(6)-methyladenosine modification of PD-L1 mRNA in breast cancer","volume":"21","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204980","article-title":"m(6)A methyltransferase METTL16 mediates immune evasion of colorectal cancer cells via epigenetically regulating PD-L1 expression","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04080-z","article-title":"FAP-targeted CAR-T suppresses MDSCs recruitment to improve the antitumor efficacy of claudin18.2-targeted CAR-T against pancreatic cancer","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.09.010","article-title":"CXCR4-modified CAR-T cells suppresses MDSCs recruitment via STAT3\/NF-\u03baB\/SDF-1\u03b1 axis to enhance efficacy against pancreatic cancer","volume":"31","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-24-3748","article-title":"Prostate cancer cells secrete PD-1 in exosomes to enhance myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity and promote tumor immune evasion","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.cir-24-1179","article-title":"METTL3 inhibition restores PD-L1 expression and CD8+ T-cell cytotoxic function in immunotherapy-treated gastric cancer","volume":"13","author":"Fang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.16136","article-title":"WTAP-induced N(6)-methyladenosine of PD-L1 blocked T-cell-mediated antitumor activity under hypoxia in colorectal cancer","volume":"115","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02097-6","article-title":"YTHDF2 in peritumoral hepatocytes mediates chemotherapy-induced antitumor immune responses through CX3CL1-mediated CD8(+) T cell recruitment","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116863","article-title":"Activated CD38(+) mast cells promote gastric cancer progression by suppressing CD8(+) T cell cytotoxic activity through adenosine metabolism","volume":"45","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43743-9","article-title":"TET2-mediated tumor cGAS triggers endothelial STING activation to regulate vasculature remodeling and anti-tumor immunity in liver cancer","volume":"15","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci193354","article-title":"PPP2R2A insufficiency enhances PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade efficacy in lung cancer through cGAS-STING activation","volume":"136","author":"Qiu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123396","article-title":"PD-L1 antibody-modified plant-derived nanovesicles carrying a STING agonist for the combinational immunotherapy of melanoma","volume":"322","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.cir-19-0449","article-title":"CD73 blockade promotes dendritic cell infiltration of irradiated tumors and tumor rejection","volume":"8","author":"Wennerberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-006842","article-title":"CD73 and PD-L1 dual blockade amplifies antitumor efficacy of SBRT in murine PDAC models","volume":"11","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02171-4","article-title":"Blockade of CD73 potentiates radiotherapy antitumor immunity and abscopal effects via STING pathway","volume":"10","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202104182","article-title":"Targeting the negative feedback of adenosine-A2AR metabolic pathway by a tailored nanoinhibitor for photothermal immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advanced Sci (Weinheim Baden-Wurttemberg Germany)"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120727","article-title":"Wu-wei-zi decoction reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment by targeting the IL-6\/CD73 axis in myeloid-derived suppressor cells to inhibit non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"355","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0129-7","article-title":"Breast cancer-derived exosomes transmit lncRNA SNHG16 to induce CD73+\u03b3\u03b41 Treg cells","volume":"5","author":"Ni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940675","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2021.1940675","article-title":"T cells drive negative feedback mechanisms in cancer associated fibroblasts, promoting expression of co-inhibitory ligands, CD73 and IL-27 in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"10","author":"O'Connor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048626","article-title":"CD8(+) CD73(+) T cells in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancer patients are linked to diminished T cell infiltration and activation in tumor tissue","volume":"50","author":"Panigrahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612538","article-title":"Low pretreatment CD4(+):CD8(+) T cell ratios and CD39(+)CD73(+)CD19(+) B cell proportions are associated with improved relapse-free survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"Turner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202302498","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment responsive CD8(+) T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells to trigger CD73 inhibitor AB680-based synergistic therapy for pancreatic cancer","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-021-02132-6","article-title":"CD73 induces GM-CSF\/MDSC-mediated suppression of T cells to accelerate pancreatic cancer pathogenesis","volume":"41","author":"King","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abl9330","article-title":"ATR-mediated CD47 and PD-L1 up-regulation restricts radiotherapy-induced immune priming and abscopal responses in colorectal cancer","volume":"7","author":"Hsieh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.4c00379","article-title":"Suppressing pancreatic cancer survival and immune escape via nanoparticle-modulated STING\/STAT3 axis regulation","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioconjug Chem"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2026.218331","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote immune evasion in pancreatic cancer via miR-181b-5p\/STING\/LGALS1 pathway","volume":"644","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-008718","article-title":"OMA1 competitively binds to HSPA9 to promote mitophagy and activate the cGAS-STING pathway to mediate GBM immune escape","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34000-6","article-title":"MYC promotes immune-suppression in triple-negative breast cancer via inhibition of interferon signaling","volume":"13","author":"Zimmerli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-025-01052-8","article-title":"The microbiota in radiotherapy-induced cancer immunosurveillance","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20232101","article-title":"Radiotherapy and immunology","volume":"221","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00782-x","article-title":"Emerging evidence for adapting radiotherapy to immunotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2023.2296048","article-title":"Efficacy and pharmacodynamic effect of anti-CD73 and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in combination with cytotoxic therapy: observations from mouse tumor models","volume":"25","author":"Kaistha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Ther"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02576-y","article-title":"The perils of contact sport: pathologies of diffuse brain swelling and chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathologic change in a 23-year-old rugby union player","volume":"145","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-008594","article-title":"Novel anti-CD73-IL-2v bispecific fusion protein augments antitumor immunity by alleviating immunosuppressive adenosine pathways in CD8(+) T cells","volume":"13","author":"Shin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.06.021","article-title":"Targeting N6-methyladenosine reader YTHDF1 with siRNA boosts antitumor immunity in NASH-HCC by inhibiting EZH2-IL-6 axis","volume":"79","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-007035","article-title":"Inhibition of tumor intrinsic BANF1 activates antitumor immune responses via cGAS-STING and enhances the efficacy of PD-1 blockade","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202419120","article-title":"Fe\/Mo-based lipid peroxidation nanoamplifier combined with adenosine immunometabolism regulation to augment anti-breast cancer immunity","volume":"37","author":"Xiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-0845-z","article-title":"CD73 sustained cancer-stem-cell traits by promoting SOX9 expression and stability in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12480","article-title":"The immunomodulatory ballet of tumour-derived extracellular vesicles and neutrophils orchestrating the dynamic CD73\/PD-L1 pathway in cancer","volume":"13","author":"Rubenich","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2404709121","article-title":"CD73 promotes non-small cell lung cancer metastasis by regulating Axl signaling independent of GAS6","volume":"121","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10040825","article-title":"A novel anti-CD73 antibody that selectively inhibits membrane CD73 shows antitumor activity and induces tumor immune escape","volume":"10","author":"Kellner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.mct-21-0802","article-title":"Targeting CD73 with AB680 (Quemliclustat), a novel and potent small-molecule CD73 inhibitor, restores immune functionality and facilitates antitumor immunity","volume":"21","author":"Piovesan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202513182","article-title":"Overcoming EGFR-mediated dendritic cell dysfunction to enhance anti-tumor immunity in EGFR-mutant NSCLC by precisely targeting CD73 with pH-responsive nanocarriers","volume":"13","author":"Shang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14392-7","article-title":"CD73 downregulation by EGFR-targeted liposomal CD73 siRNA potentiates antitumor effect of liposomal doxorubicin in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice","volume":"12","author":"Soleimani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.mct-23-0843","article-title":"Dual A2A\/A2B adenosine receptor antagonist M1069 counteracts immunosuppressive mechanisms of adenosine and reduces tumor growth in vivo","volume":"23","author":"Schiemann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17994","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68987-3","article-title":"PET imaging of colon cancer CD73 expression using cysteine site-specific (89)Zr-labeled anti-CD73 antibody","volume":"14","author":"Jung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1179022","article-title":"CD73 regulates zoledronate-induced lymphocyte infiltration in triple-negative breast cancer tumors and lung metastases","volume":"14","author":"Petruk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6035","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85379-z","article-title":"CD73 facilitates EMT progression and promotes lung metastases in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"11","author":"Petruk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.111180","article-title":"The TMBIM1-YBX1 axis orchestrates MDSC recruitment and immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer","volume":"15","author":"Tong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156188","article-title":"EChinacoside inhibits tumor immune evasion by downregulating inducible PD-L1 and reshaping tumor immune landscape in breast and colorectal cancer","volume":"135","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-07309-1","article-title":"CXCL12 deficiency promotes colorectal cancer progression and reduces anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy efficacy through MDSC regulation","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abh1261","article-title":"Delivery of an ectonucleotidase inhibitor with ROS-responsive nanoparticles overcomes adenosine-mediated cancer immunosuppression","volume":"14","author":"Mao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2018.02.009","article-title":"CD73 regulates stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer-initiating cells","volume":"10","author":"Lupia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.07.005","article-title":"Additive effect of CD73 inhibitor in colorectal cancer treatment with CDK4\/6 inhibitor through regulation of PD-L1","volume":"14","author":"Noh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-006837","article-title":"Bispecific antibody CD73xEGFR more selectively inhibits the CD73\/adenosine immune checkpoint on cancer cells and concurrently counteracts pro-oncogenic activities of CD73 and EGFR","volume":"11","author":"Ploeg","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2403-6","article-title":"CD73 promotes tumor metastasis by modulating RICS\/RhoA signaling and EMT in gastric cancer","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31112","article-title":"Extracellular 5'-nucleotidase (CD73) promotes human breast cancer cells growth through AKT\/GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin\/cyclinD1 signaling pathway","volume":"142","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.18440","article-title":"Durvalumab alone or combined with novel agents for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: Update from the COAST randomized clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14796694.2024.2354160","article-title":"PACIFIC-9: Phase III trial of durvalumab + oleclumab or monalizumab in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"20","author":"Barlesi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Future Oncol (London England)"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labinv.2022.100040","article-title":"Single-cell phenotyping of CD73 expression reveals the diversity of the tumor immune microenvironment and reflects the prognosis of bladder cancer","volume":"103","author":"Izawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14273","article-title":"LaSOM 335, active against bladder cancer cells, interferes with Let-60 (hRas) and reduces CD73 expression\/activity","volume":"102","author":"Kagami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem Biol Drug Des"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2024.102035","article-title":"Knock-out of CD73 delays the onset of HR-negative breast cancer by reprogramming lipid metabolism and is associated with increased tumor mutational burden","volume":"89","author":"Serafin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2025.110864","article-title":"Purinergic ecto-enzyme CD73 is a context-dependent tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer","volume":"301","author":"Chau","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.07.021","article-title":"Cancer-cell-biomimetic upconversion nanoparticles combining chemo-photodynamic therapy and CD73 blockade for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"337","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.09.033","article-title":"Dual immunostimulatory CD73 antibody-polymeric cytotoxic drug complex for triple negative breast cancer therapy","volume":"189","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26743","article-title":"Anti-angiogenic effects of CD73-specific siRNA-loaded nanoparticles in breast cancer-bearing mice","volume":"233","author":"Ghalamfarsa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051057","article-title":"A novel specific anti-CD73 antibody inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell motility by regulating autophagy","volume":"20","author":"Qiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1239","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718197115","article-title":"Chemotherapy induces enrichment of CD47(+)\/CD73(+)\/PDL1(+) immune evasive triple-negative breast cancer cells","volume":"115","author":"Samanta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-024-05869-1","article-title":"Targeting CD73 limits tumor progression and enhances anti-tumor activity of anti-PD-1 therapy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"150","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3250-4","article-title":"Tiamulin inhibits breast cancer growth and pulmonary metastasis by decreasing the activity of CD73","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113002","article-title":"CD19(+)CD73(+) B cells infiltration indicates poor prognosis and unfavorable responses to immunotherapy in gastric cancer","volume":"141","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1915472\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:42:22Z","timestamp":1787582542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1915472\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"references-count":189,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1915472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1915472","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"article-number":"1915472"}}