{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:00:45Z","timestamp":1790830845889,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spatial transcriptomics resolves tissue organization in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), whereas most clinically annotated cohorts remain bulk transcriptomic datasets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated six literature-informed curated composite programs across bulk, single-cell and spatial datasets without assuming a discrete ecosystem taxonomy. The programs comprised Macrophage-rich, T cell-inflamed, Antigen-presentation, Stromal\/fibrotic, Immune-cold\/exclusion and Proliferative\/cycling, with 22 memberships per program (132 memberships, 121 unique genes and 11 shared memberships).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 498 GSE31312 tumors, principal components 1 and 2 (PC1 and PC2) explained 48.6% and 20.8% of score variance. No candidate discrete taxonomy demonstrated sufficient stability for retention; k=2 met silhouette and size criteria but failed both bootstrap-stability thresholds. Historical 15-edge concordance was high for GSE10846 (rho=0.936) and GSE181063 (rho=0.982), whereas the most restrictive GSE10846 edge-exclusion sensitivity, removing both shared-gene and proliferation-associated edges, reduced rho to 0.690. Single-cell analysis of 14,368 DLBCL cells from four patients and eight samples provided descriptive lineage context. In Visium V2 areas, the antigen-presentation series was treated as AP-residual (HLA-unmeasured) because only 13\/22 program genes were measurable and all nine HLA genes in the defined program were unavailable. Matched-random-gene-set support was broad but not universal (24\/30 DLBCL, 18\/24 context\/background, 42\/54 overall; 25\/32 primary-plus-exploratory), whereas both depth-adjusted residual endpoints were supported in 30\/30 DLBCL area-program combinations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support continuous program-level interpretation while retaining explicit provenance, stability, assay, method and sampling limitations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1919412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:51:24Z","timestamp":1790830284000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Continuous spatially informed microenvironment programs show cross-cohort concordance and context-dependent spatial organization in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Junwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuxin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lishuo","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuetong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxiong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jifan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of 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