{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:03:02Z","timestamp":1789448582733,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011019","name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s Hivatal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A-152516, TKP\/EGA-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-152516, TKP\/EGA-2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011019","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Upfront molecular diagnostics are used to characterize genetic features of colorectal cancer, guiding therapy. Since colorectal cancer is usually surgically resected, these samples are used for such characterizations. The extent to which liver metastases maintain the genetic profile of the primary tumor is a key question.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we used a small six-case pretreatment colorectal cancer cohort where targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was employed to compare liver metastases to the primary tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found, similar to previous reports, that the major genetic drivers are maintained in the liver metastases; however, changes at this level can still be detected. We also observed that in the majority of cases, the genetic profile of the primary tumor is partially or completely lost in liver metastases. On the other hand, we detected the metastasis-selective emergence of ABL1, HER2, RET, KIT, KDR, and VHL mutations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although our study is only hypothesis-generating, these data support the view that genetic analysis of colorectal cancer liver metastases may identify novel alterations compared to the primary tumors, which can be clinically exploited during disease management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1924092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:27:37Z","timestamp":1789446457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of gene mutations of liver metastases to the primary tumor in colorectal cancer: lessons from a small cohort"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Erzsebet","family":"R\u00e1s\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University","place":["Budapest, Hungary"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamas","family":"Barbai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University","place":["Budapest, Hungary"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Vizkeleti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Center for Natural Sciences","place":["Budapest, Hungary"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Uhlyarik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University","place":["Budapest, Hungary"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3zsef","family":"T\u00edm\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University","place":["Budapest, Hungary"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf2784","article-title":"Metastasis as an evolutionary process","volume":"352","author":"Turajlic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-023-10107-0","article-title":"Colorectal cancer liver metastasis: genomic evolution and crosstalk with the liver microenvironment","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4782","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07041-z","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing puts forward hypothesis on metastasis evolution and therapy in colorectal cancer","volume":"19","author":"Ishaque","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Com"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0423-x","article-title":"Quantitative evidence for early metastatic seeding in colorectal cancer","volume":"51","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.12.004","article-title":"Cancer genome evolutionary trajectories in metastasis","volume":"37","author":"Birback","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-21-3863","article-title":"The genetic evolution of metastasis","volume":"82","author":"Rogiers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/s41525-021-00223-7","article-title":"Metastatic heterogeneity of consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer","volume":"6","author":"Eide","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Genomic Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx278","article-title":"Multiregion whole-exome sequencing of matched primary and metastatic tumors revealed genomic heterogeneity and suggested polyclonal seeding in colorectal cancer","volume":"28","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2021.12727","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic analysis contrasting primary colorectal cancer and matched liver metastasis","volume":"21","author":"Shiomi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.04.001","article-title":"Subtype specific KRAS mutations in advanced lung adenocarcinoma. 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