{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:52:00Z","timestamp":1791348720584,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017686","name":"Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune-mediated liver injury caused by checkpoint inhibitors (ILICI) differs from chemotherapy- or targeted drug-related hepatotoxicity in pathogenesis and management. Biomarkers to distinguish ILICI from other anticancer agent-induced liver injuries are lacking. We compared the clinicopathological features, treatments, and outcomes of ILICI versus other anticancer agent-related liver injuries to identify distinguishing biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively included patients with liver injury during anticancer therapy at Fujian Cancer Hospital between June 2022 and November 2024. Cases were classified as ILICI or non-ILICI using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0 and the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-seven patients were enrolled, including 30 ILICI and 37 non-ILICI. ILICI was associated with more high-grade liver injury than non-ILICI (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001), with similar latency, recovery time, and prognosis. Corticosteroids were administered in 70% of ILICI vs. 5.4% of non-ILICI patients (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001). Among 29 liver biopsies (19 ILICI, 10 non-ILICI), ILICI showed a higher focal necrosis score (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.031) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), lymphocytes, and Kupffer cells (KCs) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that a PD-L1 positivity cutoff of &amp;gt;30% in LSECs, lymphocytes, and KCs discriminated ILICI with an AUC of 0.811 (95%CI: 0.641\u20130.980). Sensitivity analyses and Firth penalized logistic regression confirmed that this finding remained robust after adjustment for confounders including pre-biopsy corticosteroid use and inactive HBV carrier status.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ILICI was associated with more severe hepatic inflammatory necrosis and a greater need for immunosuppressive therapy than non-ILICI. The PD-L1 positivity rate &amp;gt;30% in LSECs, lymphocytes, and KCs may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for ILICI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1928835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:46:06Z","timestamp":1791348366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinicopathologic characteristics and diagnostic value of PD-L1 in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related liver injury: a single-center retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Huaying","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, 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Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sha","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000541622","article-title":"Chinese expert consensus on the whole-course management of hepatocellular carcinoma (2023 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