{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:52:27Z","timestamp":1791370347276,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":248,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and treatment-resistant malignancy characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that promotes disease progression and poor clinical outcomes. Increasing evidence suggests that NOTCH signaling is a key regulator of GBM progression, governing both tumor cell plasticity and immune evasion. In addition to its roles in development and stem cell maintenance, NOTCH signaling modulates interactions among glioma stem-like cells, immune cells, and stromal components. NOTCH signaling in both tumor and stromal compartments modulates immune cell fate decisions, antigen presentation, and inflammatory cytokine expression. This suggests its potential role as a key modulator of immune crosstalk within the TME of GBM. Moreover, dysregulation of the NOTCH signaling pathway may lead to an immunosuppressive TME, enhance tumor heterogeneity, and restrict responses to conventional therapies. Recent investigations also reveal the epigenetic and non-coding RNA patterns that reinforce aberrant NOTCH activity in GBM. Understanding the multifaceted interactions among NOTCH signaling, oncogenic pathways, and immunomodulatory mechanisms could provide insights into the molecular pathogenesis of GBM progression. Here, we discuss the pleiotropic and context-dependent functions of NOTCH signaling in GBM, with particular emphasis on its implications for tumor\u2013immune interactions and its potential as a therapeutic target to address immune escape and treatment resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1936605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:14:07Z","timestamp":1791368047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting NOTCH-immune crosstalk in gliomas: from mechanisms to therapeutics"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Safieh","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","place":["Mashhad, Iran"]},{"name":"Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital","place":["Tehran, Iran"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","place":["Mashhad, Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NoorMohammad","family":"Meshkinkhood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital","place":["Tehran, Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Aliee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","place":["Kermanshah, Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yuhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Koulivand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital","place":["Tehran, Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Koulivand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital","place":["Tehran, Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Gorji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, M\u00fcnster University","place":["M\u00fcnster, Germany"]},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","place":["Mashhad, Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-005-0991-y","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of gliomas","volume":"109","author":"Ohgaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra0708126","article-title":"Malignant gliomas in adults","volume":"359","author":"Wen","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","article-title":"The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary","volume":"23","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-016-1497-x","article-title":"Survival in glioblastoma: a review on the impact of treatment modalities","volume":"18","author":"Delgado-Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/con.0000000000000554","article-title":"High-grade gliomas","volume":"23","author":"Nayak","year":"2017","journal-title":"CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learn Neurol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2023.02.006","article-title":"Challenges in glioblastoma research: focus on the tumor microenvironment: (Trends in Cancer, 9:1 p:9-27, 2023)","volume":"9","author":"Bikfalvi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21264","article-title":"The brain tumor microenvironment","volume":"59","author":"Charles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3736","article-title":"Glioma immune evasion","volume":"18","author":"Fehervari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2017.19","article-title":"Immune microenvironment of gliomas","volume":"97","author":"Gieryng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-052016-100127","article-title":"The varied roles of Notch in cancer","volume":"12","author":"Aster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102304","article-title":"Oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions of NOTCH signaling in glioma","volume":"9","author":"Parmigiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.254","article-title":"NOTCH pathway blockade depletes CD133-positive glioblastoma cells and inhibits growth of tumor neurospheres and xenografts","volume":"28","author":"Fan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15013","article-title":"The interference of Notch1 target Hes1 affects cell growth, differentiation and invasiveness of glioblastoma stem cells through modulation of multiple oncogenic targets","volume":"8","author":"Cenciarelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34015","article-title":"Post-translational modifications: The potential ways for killing cancer stem cells","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nop022","article-title":"The functional role of Notch signaling in human gliomas","volume":"12","author":"Stockhausen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuro-oncology"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-022-10041-7","article-title":"Notch signaling in malignant gliomas: Supporting tumor growth and the vascular environment","volume":"41","author":"Kipper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1148126","article-title":"Development and validation of an immune infiltration\/tumor proliferation-related Notch3 nomogram for predicting survival in patients with primary glioblastoma","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-35582-1_1","article-title":"Shaping of the tumor microenvironment by Notch signaling","volume":"1223","author":"Meurette","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01288","article-title":"Notch signaling in myeloid cells as a regulator of tumor immune responses","volume":"9","author":"Hossain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01649","article-title":"Notch signaling as a regulator of the tumor immune response: to target or not to target","volume":"9","author":"Janghorban","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01439-z","article-title":"The Notch signaling pathway: a potential target for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-10-4269","article-title":"Endothelial cells create a stem cell niche in glioblastoma by providing NOTCH ligands that nurture self-renewal of cancer stem-like cells","volume":"71","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.10.058","article-title":"The vascular Notch ligands Delta-Like Ligand 4 (DLL4) and Jagged1 (JAG1) have opposing correlations with microvascularization but a uniform prognostic effect in primary glioblastoma: a preliminary study","volume":"88","author":"Qiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.07.180","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of the Notch pathway in glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"131","author":"Gersey","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000545","article-title":"Glioblastoma cells vampirize WNT from neurons and trigger a JNK\/MMP signaling loop that enhances glioblastoma progression and neurodegeneration","volume":"17","author":"Portela","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS Biol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14040480","article-title":"Mechanism of Notch signaling pathway in malignant progression of glioblastoma and targeted therapy","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1567524","article-title":"The role of Notch signaling pathway in cancer: mechanistic insights, therapeutic potential, and clinical progress","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.063610","article-title":"Notch signaling: simplicity in design, versatility in function","volume":"138","author":"Andersson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3272","article-title":"The Notch signalling system: recent insights into the complexity of a conserved pathway","volume":"13","author":"Guruharsha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1895\/wormbook.1.10.2","article-title":"Notch signaling: genetics and structure","author":"Greenwald","year":"2013","journal-title":"WormBook"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00934-y","article-title":"Notch signaling pathway: architecture, disease, and therapeutics","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11030292","article-title":"Role of Notch signaling pathway in glioblastoma pathogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Bazzoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2201-8_7","article-title":"Mammalian NOTCH receptor activation and signaling protocols","volume":"2472","author":"Nueda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04462-4","article-title":"Unlocking hope: Therapeutic advances and approaches in modulating the Wnt pathway for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"62","author":"Faraji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000169","article-title":"Ligand-independent traffic of Notch buffers activated Armadillo in Drosophila","volume":"7","author":"Sanders","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS Biol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0391-x","article-title":"Non-canonical activation of Notch signaling\/target genes in vertebrates","volume":"67","author":"Sanalkumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01828-x","article-title":"Notch signaling pathway in cancer: from mechanistic insights to targeted therapies","volume":"9","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2313","article-title":"Notch post-translationally regulates beta-catenin protein in stem and progenitor cells","volume":"13","author":"Kwon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2015.0315","article-title":"Notch-induced expression of FZD7 requires noncanonical NOTCH3 signaling in human breast epithelial cells","volume":"25","author":"Bhat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.517","article-title":"Non-canonical Notch signaling activates IL-6\/JAK\/STAT signaling in breast tumor cells and is controlled by p53 and IKKalpha\/IKKbeta","volume":"32","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21527","article-title":"Reciprocal regulation of Notch and PI3K\/Akt signalling in T-ALL cells in vitro","volume":"103","author":"Calzavara","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2009.20","article-title":"A hierarchical cascade activated by non-canonical Notch signaling and the mTOR-Rictor complex regulates neglect-induced death in mammalian cells","volume":"16","author":"Perumalsamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.225169.113","article-title":"Roles of PINK1, mTORC2, and mitochondria in preserving brain tumor-forming stem cells in a noncanonical Notch signaling pathway","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2015.01.018","article-title":"Elevated expression of Notch-1 and EGFR induced apoptosis in glioblastoma multiforme patients","volume":"131","author":"Xing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88059","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21409","article-title":"Notch1 ablation radiosensitizes glioblastoma cells","volume":"8","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2017.10.005","article-title":"Hypoxic induction of vasorin regulates Notch1 turnover to maintain glioma stem-like cells","volume":"22","author":"Man","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not168","article-title":"Differential patterns of NOTCH1\u20134 receptor expression are markers of glioma cell differentiation","volume":"16","author":"Dell'Albani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro-oncology"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077299","article-title":"NOTCH3 is a prognostic factor that promotes glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion via activation of CCND1 and EGFR","volume":"8","author":"Alqudah","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B49","volume-title":"The Oncogenic Role and the Prognostic Value of NOTCH3 Gene in Human Malignant Glioma","author":"Alqudah","year":"2013"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2012.65","article-title":"Constitutive Notch2 signaling in neural stem cells promotes tumorigenic features and astroglial lineage entry","volume":"3","author":"Tchorz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2011.04138.x","article-title":"Expression of vascular Notch ligands Delta\u2010like 4 and Jagged\u20101 in glioblastoma","volume":"60","author":"Jubb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-4202-8","article-title":"The vascular delta-like ligand-4 (DLL4)-Notch4 signaling correlates with angiogenesis in primary glioblastoma: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumor Biol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40115","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16969","article-title":"Role of Delta-like 4 in Jagged1-induced tumour angiogenesis and tumour growth","volume":"8","author":"Oon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not168","article-title":"Differential patterns of NOTCH1-4 receptor expression are markers of glioma cell differentiation","volume":"16","author":"Dell'albani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.07.010","article-title":"Inflammation dysregulates Notch signaling in endothelial cells: implication of Notch2 and Notch4 to endothelial dysfunction","volume":"80","author":"Quillard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2011.04138.x","article-title":"Expression of vascular Notch ligands Delta-like 4 and Jagged-1 in glioblastoma","volume":"60","author":"Jubb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-18-2312","article-title":"Cell surface notch ligand dll3 is a therapeutic target in isocitrate dehydrogenase\u2013mutant glioma","volume":"25","author":"Spino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-021-01817-7","article-title":"Integrated gene expression and methylation analyses identify DLL3 as a biomarker for prognosis of malignant glioma","volume":"71","author":"Maimaiti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2022.110289","article-title":"DLL3 expression and methylation are associated with lower-grade glioma immune microenvironment and prognosis","volume":"114","author":"Noor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-11-1704","article-title":"DLL4-Notch signaling mediates tumor resistance to anti-VEGF therapy in vivo","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-21-2347","article-title":"NOTCH-induced MDSC recruitment after oHSV virotherapy in CNS cancer models modulates antitumor immunotherapy","volume":"28","author":"Otani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1247288","article-title":"Significance of NotchScore and JAG1 in predicting prognosis and immune response of low-grade glioma","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.20-01-00283.2000","article-title":"The bHLH gene hes1 as a repressor of the neuronal commitment of CNS stem cells","volume":"20","author":"Nakamura","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3445","article-title":"Regulation of innate and adaptive immunity by Notch","volume":"13","author":"Radtke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.148007","article-title":"The developmental biology of genetic Notch disorders","volume":"144","author":"Masek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2023-0270","article-title":"The epigenetics orchestra of Notch signaling: a symphony for cancer therapy","volume":"15","author":"Paniri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.91422.3","article-title":"Diversity in Notch ligand-receptor signaling interactions","volume":"12","author":"Kuintzle","year":"2025","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115474","article-title":"Notch and the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function","volume":"138","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.04.010","article-title":"Notch in fibrosis and as a target of anti-fibrotic therapy","volume":"108","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102160","article-title":"Activating mutations of NOTCH1 in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"306","author":"Weng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2008.225","article-title":"Notch tumor suppressor function","volume":"27","author":"Dotto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-04-1890","article-title":"Expression of Notch-1 and its ligands, Delta-like-1 and Jagged-1, is critical for glioma cell survival and proliferation","volume":"65","author":"Purow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-007-9589-0","article-title":"Notch activation promotes cell proliferation and the formation of neural stem cell-like colonies in human glioma cells","volume":"307","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0119-z","article-title":"Notch1 is a prognostic factor that is distinctly activated in the classical and proneural subtype of glioblastoma and that promotes glioma cell survival via the NF-\u03baB (p65) pathway","volume":"9","author":"Hai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-65036-x","article-title":"NOTCH3 as a prognostic biomarker and its correlation with immune infiltration in gastrointestinal cancers","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-16-2171","article-title":"Activation of NOTCH signaling by Tenascin-C promotes growth of human brain tumor-initiating cells","volume":"77","author":"Sarkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1767","article-title":"Notch1 stimulation induces a vascularization switch with pericyte-like cell differentiation of glioblastoma stem cells","volume":"33","author":"Guichet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07443","article-title":"p53 and Pten control neural and glioma stem\/progenitor cell renewal and differentiation","volume":"455","author":"Zheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2011.02154.x","article-title":"Notch1 promotes glioma cell migration and invasion by stimulating \u03b2\u2010catenin and NF\u2010\u03baB signaling via AKT activation","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2011.95","article-title":"HIF-1\u03b1 is critical for hypoxia-mediated maintenance of glioblastoma stem cells by activating Notch signaling pathway","volume":"19","author":"Qiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/wnr.0000000000000302","article-title":"Tumor suppressor miR-181c attenuates proliferation, invasion, and self-renewal abilities in glioblastoma","volume":"26","author":"Ruan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17897","article-title":"Methylation regulates HEY1 expression in glioblastoma","volume":"8","author":"Tsung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061631","article-title":"Mir-34a-5p mediates cross-talk between M2 muscarinic receptors and Notch-1\/EGFR pathways in U87MG glioblastoma cells: implication in cell proliferation","volume":"19","author":"Di Bari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18668","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 by KMT2A inhibits glioma proliferation","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.11.jns15432","article-title":"Bioinformatic analyses reveal a distinct Notch activation induced by STAT3 phosphorylation in the mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma","volume":"126","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-18-2312","article-title":"Cell surface Notch ligand DLL3 is a therapeutic target in isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant glioma","volume":"25","author":"Spino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1210557","article-title":"Mutations in CIC and FUBP1 contribute to human oligodendroglioma","volume":"333","author":"Bettegowda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B88","first-page":"10","article-title":"Comprehensive, integrative genomic analysis of diffuse lower-grade gliomas","volume":"2481","author":"Brat","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3273","article-title":"Mutational landscape and clonal architecture in grade II and III gliomas","volume":"47","author":"Suzuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3457","article-title":"Integrated genomic characterization of IDH1-mutant glioma malignant progression","volume":"48","author":"Bai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-018-0067-9","article-title":"Multi-faceted computational assessment of risk and progression in oligodendroglioma implicates NOTCH and PI3K pathways","volume":"2","author":"Halani","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Precis Oncol"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2015.10.008","article-title":"A tumor suppressor function for notch signaling in forebrain tumor subtypes","volume":"28","author":"Giachino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23914","article-title":"Sox2\u2010dependent maintenance of mouse oligodendroglioma involves the Sox2\u2010mediated downregulation of Cdkn2b, Ebf1, Zfp423, and Hey2","volume":"69","author":"Barone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208865","article-title":"Upregulation of ASCL1 and inhibition of Notch signaling pathway characterize progressive astrocytoma","volume":"24","author":"Somasundaram","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.48561","article-title":"Id4 promotes the elimination of the pro-activation factor Ascl1 to maintain quiescence of adult hippocampal stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Blomfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-018-0248-7","article-title":"The proneural gene ASCL1 governs the transcriptional subgroup affiliation in glioblastoma stem cells by directly repressing the mesenchymal gene NDRG1","volume":"26","author":"Narayanan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/cdr.2022.46","article-title":"Aberrant Notch signaling in gliomas: a potential landscape of actionable converging targets for combination approach in therapies resistance","volume":"5","author":"D'Amico","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Drug Resist"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.642352","article-title":"Notch signaling in vascular endothelial cells, angiogenesis, and tumor progression: an update and prospective","volume":"9","author":"Akil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7857","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52167-y","article-title":"Glioblastoma cells increase expression of notch signaling and synaptic genes within infiltrated brain tissue","volume":"15","author":"Harwood","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2014.00254","article-title":"The notch ligand JAGGED1 as a target for anti-tumor therapy","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.06.008","article-title":"Vascular regulation of glioma stem-like cells: a balancing act","volume":"47","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01544-7","article-title":"Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14070494","article-title":"Therapeutic targets in glioblastoma: molecular pathways, emerging strategies, and future directions","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947601910383564","article-title":"Inhibition of notch signaling blocks growth of glioblastoma cell lines and tumor neurospheres","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genes Cancer"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.429","article-title":"Inhibition of notch signaling in glioblastoma targets cancer stem cells via an endothelial cell intermediate","volume":"28","author":"Hovinga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.24595","article-title":"Level of Notch activation determines the effect on growth and stem cell-like features in glioblastoma multiforme neurosphere cultures","volume":"14","author":"Kristoffersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Ther"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1528","article-title":"A high Notch pathway activation predicts response to gamma secretase inhibitors in proneural subtype of glioma tumor-initiating cells","volume":"32","author":"Saito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-014-1630-z","article-title":"Strong therapeutic potential of gamma-secretase inhibitor MRK003 for CD44-high and CD133-low glioblastoma initiating cells","volume":"121","author":"Tanaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9275","article-title":"NOTCH blockade combined with radiation therapy and temozolomide prolongs survival of orthotopic glioblastoma","volume":"7","author":"Yahyanejad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.1620","article-title":"EFEMP1 induces gamma-secretase\/Notch-mediated temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma","volume":"5","author":"Hiddingh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-16-0048","article-title":"Molecular and clinical effects of notch inhibition in glioma patients: a phase 0\/I trial","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-016-2263-1","article-title":"Phase I study of RO4929097 with bevacizumab in patients with recurrent malignant glioma","volume":"130","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyaa412_s080","article-title":"A phase II and pharmacodynamic trial of RO4929097 for patients with recurrent\/progressive glioblastoma","volume":"88","author":"Peereboom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyab097","article-title":"Letter: A phase II and pharmacodynamic trial of RO4929097 for patients with recurrent\/progressive glioblastoma","volume":"89","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2533\/chimia.2020.779","article-title":"Notch inhibition in cancer: challenges and opportunities","volume":"74","author":"Fabbro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chimia (Aarau)"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2437_28","article-title":"Pharmacological activity of CB\u2010103 in haematological malignancies\u2013an oral pan\u2010Notch inhibitor with a novel mode of action","volume":"35","author":"Weber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hematological Oncol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08878","article-title":"Therapeutic antibody targeting of individual Notch receptors","volume":"464","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos157","article-title":"Alpha-secretase inhibition reduces human glioblastoma stem cell growth in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting Notch","volume":"14","author":"Floyd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-025-02046-4","article-title":"Overcoming temozolomide resistance in glioma: recent advances and mechanistic insights","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4252","article-title":"Therapeutic modulation of Notch signalling\u2014are we there yet","volume":"13","author":"Andersson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr.2016.07.26","article-title":"Benefits, limitations and opportunities of NOTCH inhibitors for treatment of glioma","volume":"5","author":"Yahyanejad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trans Cancer Res"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1407279","article-title":"Glioma groups based on 1p\/19q, IDH, and TERT promoter mutations in tumors","volume":"372","author":"Eckel-Passow","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2007.14.8163","article-title":"MGMT promoter methylation status can predict the incidence and outcome of pseudoprogression after concomitant radiochemotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients","volume":"26","author":"Brandes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-54","article-title":"Glioma cells on the run\u2013the migratory transcriptome of 10 human glioma cell lines","volume":"9","author":"Demuth","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-025-03377-9","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages remodel the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and targeted therapy for immunotherapy","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-7613(00)00009-1","article-title":"Notch1 signaling promotes the maturation of CD4 and CD8 SP thymocytes","volume":"13","author":"Deftos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.960702","article-title":"Direct induction of T lymphocyte-specific gene expression by the mammalian Notch signaling pathway","volume":"16","author":"Reizis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-008-0508-3","article-title":"Progression of intracranial glioma disrupts thymic homeostasis and induces T-cell apoptosis in vivo","volume":"57","author":"Andaloussi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2025.217601","article-title":"Advancing glioblastoma therapy: learning from the past and innovations for the future","volume":"617","author":"Rana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000410937.38828.6f","article-title":"The contribution of Notch signaling to glioblastoma via activation of cancer stem cell self-renewal: the role of the endothelial network","volume":"70","author":"Gursel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1352484","article-title":"Novel insights into Notch signaling in tumor immunity: potential targets for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4620","article-title":"AAV-mediated direct in vivo CRISPR screen identifies functional suppressors in glioblastoma","volume":"20","author":"Chow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01744","article-title":"Notch signaling modulates macrophage polarization and phagocytosis through direct suppression of signal regulatory protein alpha expression","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.750675","article-title":"Immunotherapy resistance in glioblastoma","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2007.106.3.417","article-title":"Contribution of Notch signaling activation to human glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"106","author":"Kanamori","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not071","article-title":"Implications of Dll4-Notch signaling activation in primary glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"15","author":"El Hindy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020436","article-title":"When immune cells turn bad-tumor-associated microglia\/macrophages in glioma","volume":"19","author":"Roesch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2015.10.009","article-title":"Glioblastoma: defining tumor niches","volume":"1","author":"Hambardzumyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-024-01321-8","article-title":"Glioblastoma-instructed microglia transition to heterogeneous phenotypic states with phagocytic and dendritic cell-like features in patient tumors and patient-derived orthotopic xenografts","volume":"16","author":"Yabo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02815350","article-title":"Colony stimulating factor-1 expression in human glioma","volume":"21","author":"Alterman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Chem Neuropathol"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21117","article-title":"Microglia\/macrophages promote glioma progression","volume":"59","author":"Zhai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B142","article-title":"A mini review on the multifaceted role of TGF-\u03b2 in metastasis progression: Molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies","volume":"2","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Iranica"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-025-05642-8","article-title":"Targeting HIF-2alpha in glioblastoma reshapes the immune infiltrate and enhances response to immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"82","author":"Espinoza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2022.12.008","article-title":"T cell exhaustion in malignant gliomas","volume":"9","author":"Watowich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2019-0087","article-title":"The emerging use of immune checkpoint blockade in the adjuvant setting for solid tumors: a review","volume":"11","author":"Moujaess","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114837","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in central nervous system cancers: State-of-the-art and future outlook","volume":"159","author":"Keshavarz Sadegh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015037","article-title":"Glioblastoma immunotherapy: A systematic review of the present strategies and prospects for advancements","volume":"24","author":"Agosti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-024-05997-8","article-title":"Dynamics of tumor in situ fluid circulating tumor DNA in recurrent glioblastomas forecasts treatment efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade coupled with low-dose bevacizumab","volume":"150","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02636-2","article-title":"The role of the ZEB1-neuroinflammation axis in CNS disorders","volume":"19","author":"Poonaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.13748","article-title":"Roles of Myc-associated zinc finger protein in malignant tumors","volume":"18","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18185","article-title":"ZNF480 influences the prognosis, pathogenesis, and immune microenvironment in patients with lower-grade glioma","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1007198","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between abnormally high expression of NUP205 and the clinicopathological characteristics, immune microenvironment, and prognostic value of lower-grade glioma","volume":"13","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noag044","article-title":"TIGIT expression dictates the immunosuppressive reprogramming of myeloid cells in glioblastoma","volume":"28","author":"Asad","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-021-03721-x","article-title":"LAG-3 expression in the inflammatory microenvironment of glioma","volume":"152","author":"Mair","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-11-1620","article-title":"Immune inhibitory molecules LAG-3 and PD-1 synergistically regulate T-cell function to promote tumoral immune escape","volume":"72","author":"Woo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12519","article-title":"LAG3 (CD223) as a cancer immunotherapy target","volume":"276","author":"Andrews","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.11.010","article-title":"Fibrinogen-like protein 1 is a major immune inhibitory ligand of LAG-3","volume":"176","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2025.218125","article-title":"Radiation-induced glioblastoma stem cell-mediated T cell exhaustion via EGR1-Gal3-LAG3 axis in glioblastoma","volume":"636","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12520","article-title":"Tim-3 and its role in regulating anti-tumor immunity","volume":"276","author":"Das","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07164-y","article-title":"Author correction: CEACAM1 regulates TIM-3-mediated tolerance and exhaustion","volume":"626","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14050346","article-title":"The role of TIM-3 in glioblastoma progression","volume":"14","author":"Ahmady","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15110991","article-title":"The signaling networks of TIM-3, TGF-\u03b2, and STING in glioblastoma","volume":"15","author":"Ahmady-Nield","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.04.019","article-title":"The inhibitory receptor TIM-3 limits activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in intra-tumoral dendritic cells by suppressing extracellular DNA uptake","volume":"54","author":"de Mingo Pulido","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00267-6","article-title":"TIM-3 teams up with PD-1 in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms and perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol BioMed"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2022.06.006","article-title":"Interferon-gamma resistance and immune evasion in glioma develop via Notch-regulated co-evolution of malignant and immune cells","volume":"57","author":"Parmigiani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1644-x","article-title":"Wnt-Notch signalling crosstalk in development and disease","volume":"71","author":"Collu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B167","article-title":"Daam1 activates RhoA to regulate Wnt5a-induced glioblastoma cell invasion","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-1317","article-title":"The value of WNT5A as prognostic and immunological biomarker in pan-cancer","volume":"10","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15630","article-title":"Ror1 is expressed inducibly by Notch and hypoxia signaling and regulates stem cell-like property of glioblastoma cells","volume":"114","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.58390","article-title":"Turning cold tumors into hot tumors by improving T-cell infiltration","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527226","DOI":"10.2174\/1386207326666230502103726","article-title":"The role of VANGL2 in glioma oncogenesis and progression: insights into expression profiles and prognostic relevance","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-1624","article-title":"The Notch target Hes1 directly modulates Gli1 expression and Hedgehog signaling: a potential mechanism of therapeutic resistance","volume":"16","author":"Schreck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/11.7.1017","article-title":"Expression pattern of notch1, 2 and 3 and Jagged1 and 2 in lymphoid and stromal thymus components: distinct ligand-receptor interactions in intrathymic T cell development","volume":"11","author":"Felli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.025","article-title":"Immunity, inflammation, and cancer","volume":"140","author":"Grivennikov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2024.09.007","article-title":"Targeting glioblastoma with a brain-penetrant drug that impairs brain tumor stem cells via NLE1-Notch1 complex","volume":"19","author":"Burban","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202503.1215.v1","article-title":"Glioblastoma stem cells at the nexus of tumor heterogeneity, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16010102","article-title":"Progress in glioma stem cell research","volume":"16","author":"Ramar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-23-4024","article-title":"Fitness screens map state-specific glioblastoma stem cell vulnerabilities","volume":"84","author":"MacLeod","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws028","article-title":"Interferon regulatory factor 7 regulates glioma stem cells via interleukin-6 and Notch signalling","volume":"135","author":"Jin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0572-9","article-title":"Aberrations in Notch-Hedgehog signalling reveal cancer stem cells harbouring conserved oncogenic properties associated with hypoxia and immunoevasion","volume":"121","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.316","article-title":"HES6 gene is selectively overexpressed in glioma and represents an important transcriptional regulator of glioma proliferation","volume":"31","author":"Haapa-Paananen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02852-1","article-title":"Pan-cancer analysis reveals dual roles of HES6 in cancer immunity and prognosis","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov Oncol"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-10-1624","article-title":"The Notch target Hes1 directly modulates Gli1 expression and Hedgehog signaling: a potential mechanism of therapeutic resistance","volume":"16","author":"Schreck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113135","article-title":"Hedgehog pathway inhibitors against tumor microenvironment","volume":"10","author":"Gampala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-025-03416-x","article-title":"Primary cilia and cancer: a tale of many faces","volume":"44","author":"Collinson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-018-0023-6","article-title":"Ciliary signalling in cancer","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00055","article-title":"Emerging roles of primary cilia in glioma","volume":"13","author":"Sarkisian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-025-00921-4","article-title":"Stem cell therapies and glioma stem cells in glioblastoma: a systematic review of current challenges and research directions","volume":"18","author":"Uwishema","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-019-1319-4","article-title":"Notch1 signaling pathway promotes invasion, self-renewal and growth of glioma initiating cells via modulating chemokine system CXCL12\/CXCR4","volume":"38","author":"Yi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25053076","article-title":"Identification of key molecular pathways and associated genes as targets to overcome radiotherapy resistance using a combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in glioma patients","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.6322","article-title":"Yes-associated protein 1 promotes the metastasis of U251 glioma cells by upregulating Jagged-1 expression and activating the Notch signal pathway","volume":"16","author":"Hao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083877","article-title":"Amelioration of cancer stem cells in macrophage colony stimulating factor-expressing U87MG-human glioblastoma upon 5-fluorouracil therapy","volume":"8","author":"Chockalingam","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-72","article-title":"Notch signaling in glioblastoma: a developmental drug target","volume":"8","author":"Lino","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.261","article-title":"Notch promotes radioresistance of glioma stem cells","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/cad.0000000000000190","article-title":"Inhibition of the NOTCH pathway using gamma-secretase inhibitor RO4929097 has limited antitumor activity in established glial tumors","volume":"26","author":"Dantas-Barbosa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2024.5648","article-title":"Targeting tumor-associated macrophages: Critical players in tumor progression and therapeutic strategies (Review)","volume":"64","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58366-5","article-title":"Combined targeting of glioblastoma stem cells of different cellular states disrupts malignant progression","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002488","article-title":"Uncovering microRNA and transcription factor mediated regulatory networks in glioblastoma","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS Comput Biol"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043521","article-title":"microRNAs (miRNAs) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-recent literature review","volume":"24","author":"Makowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2013.1579","article-title":"Differential effects of miR-34c-3p and miR-34c-5p on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of glioma cells","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.72","article-title":"The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis predicts microRNA for targeting cancer growth and vascularization in glioblastoma","volume":"23","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m114.614503","article-title":"Activation of glioma cells generates immune tolerant NKT cells","volume":"289","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25528","article-title":"The immune-related microRNA miR-146b is upregulated in glioblastoma recurrence","volume":"9","author":"Khwaja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2024.155707","article-title":"MicroRNA-146 family: Molecular insights into their role in regulation of signaling pathways in glioma progression","volume":"264","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2017.5970","article-title":"miR-146b-5p suppresses glioblastoma cell resistance to temozolomide through targeting TRAF6","volume":"38","author":"Qian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2020.11835","article-title":"Role of microRNA-33a in malignant cells","volume":"20","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci75284","article-title":"miR-33a promotes glioma-initiating cell self-renewal via PKA and NOTCH pathways","volume":"124","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061879","article-title":"The extracellular matrix in glioblastomas: A glance at its structural modifications in shaping the tumoral microenvironment-a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Marino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/fsoa-2016-0094","article-title":"Integrating the glioblastoma microenvironment into engineered experimental models","volume":"3","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future Sci OA"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110255","article-title":"The CD47-SIRPalpha axis is a promising target for cancer immunotherapies","volume":"120","author":"Hao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-18-3125","article-title":"Extracellular matrix protein tenascin C increases phagocytosis mediated by CD47 loss of function in glioblastoma","volume":"79","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22344","article-title":"Human fibulin-3 protein variant expresses anti-cancer effects in the malignant glioma extracellular compartment in intracranial xenograft models","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14300","article-title":"Dual antivascular function of human fibulin-3 variant, a potential new drug discovery strategy for glioblastoma","volume":"111","author":"Ke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2020.12.015","article-title":"Epigenetics of glioblastoma multiforme: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic approaches","volume":"83","author":"Uddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.20517\/cdr.2024.157","article-title":"The epigenetic mechanisms involved in the treatment resistance of glioblastoma","volume":"8","author":"Shahani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Drug Resist"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-198","article-title":"PCGF1 is a prognostic biomarker and correlates with tumor immunity in gliomas","volume":"10","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.179","article-title":"WD40 repeat domain proteins: a novel target class","volume":"16","author":"Schapira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15153910","article-title":"Recent progress in modulation of WD40-repeat domain 5 protein (WDR5): Inhibitors and degraders","volume":"15","author":"Gurung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01605-6","article-title":"WD repeat domain 76 predicts poor prognosis in lower grade glioma and provides an original target for immunotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"B220","article-title":"Overexpression of CCDC34 in colorectal cancer and its involvement in tumor growth, apoptosis and invasion","volume":"17","author":"Geng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-025-05090-1","article-title":"The oncogenic role of CCDC34 in lower-grade gliomas: prognostic significance and therapeutic potential","volume":"175","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10866","article-title":"IDH1 mutation is sufficient to establish the glioma hypermethylator phenotype","volume":"483","author":"Turcan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17040520","article-title":"Targeting DLL3: Innovative strategies for tumor treatment","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14191","article-title":"G9a promotes immune suppression by targeting the Fbxw7\/Notch pathway in glioma stem cells","volume":"29","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2741\/3615","article-title":"Regulation of tumor angiogenesis by the local environment","volume":"15","author":"Hall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-018-9761-8","article-title":"The intertwined fates of inflammation and coagulation in glioma","volume":"29","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.05.080","article-title":"The role of peripheral inflammatory markers and coagulation factors in patients with central nervous system (CNS) immune disease and glioma","volume":"188","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.657472","article-title":"Targeting the complement pathway in malignant glioma microenvironments","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-23-906","article-title":"Complement and coagulation cascades are associated with prognosis and the immune microenvironment of lower-grade glioma","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl Cancer Res"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-22-0243","article-title":"Targeting the DLL\/Notch signaling pathway in cancer: Challenges and advances in clinical development","volume":"22","author":"You","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-14-1348","article-title":"PEST domain mutations in Notch receptors comprise an oncogenic driver segment in triple-negative breast cancer sensitive to a gamma-secretase inhibitor","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14215409","article-title":"Genetic inactivation of Notch1 synergizes with loss of Trp53 to induce tumor formation in the adult mouse forebrain","volume":"14","author":"Parmigiani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.can-08-2610","article-title":"Tenascin-C is a novel RBPJkappa-induced target gene for Notch signaling in gliomas","volume":"69","author":"Sivasankaran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02031-3","article-title":"Identification of NOTCH4 mutation as a response biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy","volume":"19","author":"Long","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1209x","article-title":"Inhibitors of gamma-secretase block in vivo and in vitro T helper type 1 polarization by preventing Notch upregulation of Tbx21","volume":"6","author":"Minter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.01.012","article-title":"Engineering customized cell sensing and response behaviors using synthetic Notch receptors","volume":"164","author":"Morsut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.01.011","article-title":"Precision tumor recognition by T cells with combinatorial antigen-sensing circuits","volume":"164","author":"Roybal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/cmar.s315511","article-title":"Targeting Notch4 in cancer: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Xiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-022-10051-5","article-title":"The multifaceted mechanisms of malignant glioblastoma progression and clinical implications","volume":"41","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.08.012","article-title":"Fibrotic response to anti-CSF-1R therapy potentiates glioblastoma recurrence","volume":"42","author":"Watson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2024.13344","article-title":"Current progress of anti-PD-1\/PDL1 immunotherapy for glioblastoma (review)","volume":"30","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.039","article-title":"Epigenetic activation of WNT5A drives glioblastoma stem cell differentiation and invasive growth","volume":"167","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.16415","article-title":"Interferon regulatory factor 7 promoted glioblastoma progression and stemness by modulating IL-6 expression in microglia","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"B244","article-title":"Extracellular matrix in glioblastoma: Opportunities for emerging therapeutic approaches","volume":"11","author":"Mohiuddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-015-0233-5","article-title":"Recent advance in molecular angiogenesis in glioblastoma: The challenge and hope for anti-angiogenic therapy","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Pathol"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/cdr.2020.38","article-title":"Novel approaches to combat chemoresistance against glioblastomas","volume":"3","author":"Towner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Drug Resist"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.07.009","article-title":"Design of soluble Notch agonists that drive T cell development and boost immunity","volume":"188","author":"Mout","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72480-y","article-title":"A computational guided, functional validation of a novel therapeutic antibody proposes Notch signaling as a clinical relevant and druggable target in glioma","volume":"10","author":"Herrera-Rios","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1936605\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:14:11Z","timestamp":1791368051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1936605\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":248,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1936605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1936605","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"article-number":"1936605"}}