{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:56:31Z","timestamp":1790571391013,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health burden. Chemotherapy is central to the management of advanced or metastatic disease and is also used in perioperative settings, but outcomes vary substantially. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inexpensive and readily available marker of systemic inflammation; its prognostic association in chemotherapy-treated CRC warrants focused evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study adhered to PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to July 15, 2025. Studies evaluating pretreatment NLR in relation to overall survival (OS) or a secondary progression- or recurrence-related time-to-event outcome, including progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), or recurrence-free survival (RFS), in chemotherapy-treated CRC patients were eligible. Study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were independently conducted by two reviewers. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-eight studies (41 cohorts; 11,346 patients) were included. Elevated pretreatment NLR was associated with poorer OS (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.68, 95% CI 1.54\u20131.84; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and poorer progression- or recurrence-related survival (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.61, 95% CI 1.43\u20131.81; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The direction of association was generally consistent across exploratory subgroups defined by treatment category, age, geographic region, and NLR cut-off. Leave-one-out analyses did not identify a single study that changed the direction of either pooled association. Between-study heterogeneity and evidence of small-study effects warrant cautious interpretation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated pretreatment NLR was associated with poorer survival outcomes in chemotherapy-treated CRC. NLR may be a readily available prognostic biomarker, but heterogeneous populations, variable outcome definitions and cut-off values, inconsistent covariate adjustment, and possible small-study effects currently limit its use for clinical decision-making. Prospective validation and methodological standardization are required before routine application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD420251136904.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2026.1945549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:29:38Z","timestamp":1790569778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yihui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changlin","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenkai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35278","article-title":"The GLOBOCAN 2022 cancer estimates: Data sources, methods, and a snapshot of the cancer burden worldwide","volume":"156","author":"Filho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i20.2726","article-title":"Colorectal cancer screening: The value of early detection and modern challenges","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70407","article-title":"The evaluation of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive role of hematologic inflammatory indices NLR, PLR, and LMR in common solid tumors","volume":"8","author":"Arianmanesh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo-21-716","article-title":"Dynamics of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predict outcomes of metastatic colorectal carcinoma patients treated by FOLFOX","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-3815-2","article-title":"The emerging role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in determining colorectal cancer treatment outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Malietzis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000014126","article-title":"Prognostic significance of elevated preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for patients with colorectal cancer undergoing curative surgery: A meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B9","article-title":"The Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses","volume-title":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute","author":"Wells","year":"2011"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Stang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/po.23.00256","article-title":"Baseline and longitudinal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic factor for metastatic colorectal cancer: a secondary analysis of the ITACa randomized trial","volume":"8","author":"Petracci","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-014-0295-2","article-title":"Baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (\u22652.8) as a prognostic factor for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiation","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-008-0267-6","article-title":"Blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases treated with systemic chemotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Kishi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-20-2032","article-title":"Circulating tumor cells and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio are predictive markers for metastatic colorectal cancer patients","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans Cancer Res"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.12784","article-title":"Clinical significance of changes in systemic inflammatory markers and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in predicting metastatic colorectal cancer prognosis and chemotherapy response","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.23","article-title":"Derived neutrophil lymphocyte ratio is predictive of survival from intermittent therapy in advanced colorectal cancer: a post hoc analysis of the MRC COIN study","volume":"114","author":"Grenader","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/cad.0000000000000488","article-title":"Derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer according to RAS and BRAF status: a post-hoc analysis of the MRC COIN study","volume":"28","author":"Wood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anti-cancer Drugs"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13184514","article-title":"Early clinical experience with trifluridine\/tipiracil for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: The ros study","volume":"13","author":"Garcia-Alfonso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000337228","article-title":"Elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts poor prognosis in advanced colorectal cancer patients receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy","volume":"82","author":"Kaneko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncol (Switzerland)"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019877","article-title":"High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio predict poor survival in rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy","volume":"99","author":"Ke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.671547","article-title":"Impact of body composition on prognosis and dose-limiting toxicities on metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"8","author":"da Silva Dias","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-024-04800-x","article-title":"The impact of neoadjuvant therapy on the prognostic value of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for colorectal liver metastases: a multi-center cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8901","article-title":"Inflammatory indexes as predictors of prognosis and bevacizumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"7","author":"Passardi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-012-0439-x","article-title":"Initial neutrophil lymphocyte ratio is superior to platelet lymphocyte ratio as an adverse prognostic and predictive factor in metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"30","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-018-3796-8","article-title":"A low neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio before preoperative chemotherapy predicts good outcomes after the resection of colorectal liver metastases","volume":"23","author":"Mao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gastrointestinal Surg Off J Soc For Surg Alimentary Tract"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23845","article-title":"Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts pattern of recurrence in patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal liver metastasis and thus the overall survival","volume":"111","author":"Giakoustidis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.100","article-title":"Neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio predicts chemotherapy outcomes in patients with advanced colorectal cancer","volume":"104","author":"Chua","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-022-02582-6","article-title":"The number of cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III and high-risk stage II rectal cancer: a nomogram and recursive partitioning analysis","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/cmar.s211089","article-title":"Pre-treatment inflammatory biomarkers predict early treatment response and favorable survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who underwent first line cetuximab plus chemotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Manage Res"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3044","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21093-7","article-title":"Pretreatment inflammatory indexes as prognostic predictors for survival in colorectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.13602","article-title":"Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts survival after TAS-102 treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"39","author":"Matsuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173955","article-title":"Prognosis of locally advanced rectal cancer can be predicted more accurately using pre- and post-chemoradiotherapy neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios in patients who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Sung","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy004","article-title":"Prognostic and predictive role of neutrophil\/lymphocytes ratio in metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis of the TRIBE study by GONO","volume":"29","author":"Dell'Aquila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.18325","article-title":"The prognostic and predictive value of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in metastatic colorectal cancer patients with first line bevacizumab containing chemotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1159\/000441396","article-title":"Prognostic impact of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with advanced low rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy","volume":"32","author":"Nagasaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Surg"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229900","article-title":"The prognostic role of inflammatory markers in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with bevacizumab: A translational study [ASCENT]","volume":"15","author":"Clarke","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000014420","article-title":"Prognostic significance of inflammation-based indexes in patients with stage III\/IV colorectal cancer after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy","volume":"98","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-021-00616-y","article-title":"Prognostic significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"53","author":"Bulut","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gastrointestinal Cancer"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2018.10.002","article-title":"Prognostic significance of neutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to lymphocyte ratio in older patients with metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"10","author":"Cruz-Ramos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Geriatric Oncol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.943750","article-title":"Prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting complete pathological response in rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy","volume":"30","author":"Karaca","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/dcr.0000000000002392","article-title":"Prognostic significance of systemic inflammation indices by K-ras status in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"66","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/co.27.6573","article-title":"Prognostic utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated using different modalities","volume":"27","author":"Nogueira-Costa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-025-03873-4","article-title":"Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and CA 19-9 in overall survival of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy","volume":"23","author":"Nie","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8017","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64684-z","article-title":"Prognostic value of pretreatment systemic inflammatory markers in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-020-02761-y","article-title":"Reduction of derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio after four weeks predicts the outcome of patients receiving second-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"70","author":"Colloca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-014-0166-6","article-title":"Systemic inflammation, as measured by the neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio, may have differential prognostic impact before and during treatment with fluorouracil, irinotecan and bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer patients","volume":"31","author":"Formica","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2012.03147.x","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory response is a predictor of outcome in patients undergoing preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer","volume":"14","author":"Carruthers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/cbm-140416","article-title":"The value of the pretreatment neutrophil lymphocyte ratio vs. platelet lymphocyte ratio in predicting the long-term survival in colorectal cancer","volume":"14","author":"Azab","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Biomarkers"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84890-3","article-title":"Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with immunotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-026-01446-6","article-title":"Prognostic value of pretreatment c-reactive-protein-albumin-lymphocyte index in colorectal cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Shamohammadi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Cancer"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-026-04328-0","article-title":"Immune-inflammatory indices as predictors of pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"24","author":"Shamohammadi","year":"2026","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030529","article-title":"The role of tumor-associated neutrophils in colorectal cancer","volume":"20","author":"Mizuno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2024.03.003","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in colorectal tissue affects prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"56","author":"Xun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7316","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35096-6","article-title":"Inflammation promotes resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in high microsatellite instability colorectal cancer","volume":"13","author":"Sui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20211631","article-title":"CCR2\/CCR5 inhibitor permits the radiation-induced effector T cell infiltration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"219","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063178","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling pathway as a target for colorectal cancer treatment","volume":"25","author":"Leiphrakpam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1945549\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:29:40Z","timestamp":1790569780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1945549\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2026.1945549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2026.1945549","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"article-number":"1945549"}}