{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T08:53:12Z","timestamp":1775638392622,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Ophthalmol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most frequent rheumatic disease of childhood and uveitis is its most common extra-articular manifestation. JIA-associated uveitis (JIA-U) is one of the main causes of visual impairment in children and represents a major challenge for pediatrician and ophthalmologist, due to its insidious onset and sight-threatening complications. Topical glucocorticoids are the first line of treatment, followed by conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), usually methotrexate (MTX). In recent years, new biological drugs targeting specific molecules involved in disease pathogenesis, have significantly improved the prognosis of the disease, especially for cases refractory to conventional therapies. In this review we discuss the role of biological agents in JIA-U, focusing on cytokine blockers and cell-targeted therapies aimed to control ocular inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2022.954901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T05:43:40Z","timestamp":1660542220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biologic therapies for juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Dini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Battista","family":"Dell\u2019Isola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Beccasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Di Cara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Verrotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Cagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60244-4","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"377","author":"Prakken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.4274\/balkanmedj.2017.0111","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"34","author":"Barut","year":"2017","journal-title":"Balkan Med J"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-021-00629-8","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: from aetiopathogenesis to therapeutic approaches","volume":"19","author":"Zaripova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001104","article-title":"Frequency and identification of risk factors of uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a long-term follow-up study in a cohort of italian children","volume":"26","author":"Conti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2019.108322","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis","volume":"211","author":"Sen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.057","article-title":"Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. results of the first international workshop","volume":"140","author":"Jabs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-016-0088-2","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis","volume":"14","author":"Clarke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10132934","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated chronic uveitis: Recent therapeutic approaches","volume":"10","author":"Quartier","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212089","article-title":"ADJUVITE: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of adalimumab in early onset, chronic, juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated anterior uveitis","volume":"77","author":"Quartier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03760.x","article-title":"Appropriate infliximab infusion dosage and monitoring: results of a panel meeting of rheumatologists, dermatologists and gastroenterologists","volume":"71","author":"de Vries","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-019-0383-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of long-term infliximab use and impact of treatment adherence on disease control in refractory, non-infectious pediatric uveitis","volume":"17","author":"Miraldi Utz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2010.09.003","article-title":"Golimumab: Review of the efficacy and tolerability of a recently approved tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 inhibitor","volume":"32","author":"Boyce","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23871","article-title":"American College of Rheumatology\/Arthritis foundation guideline for the screening, monitoring, and treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis","volume":"71","author":"Angeles-Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.08.019","article-title":"Primary (Month-6) outcomes of the STOP-uveitis study: Evaluating the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with noninfectious uveitis","volume":"183","author":"Sepah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30008-4","article-title":"APTITUDE trial management group. tocilizumab in patients with anti-TNF refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (APTITUDE): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial","volume":"2","author":"Ramanan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20115","article-title":"Abatacept for severe anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-related uveitis","volume":"62","author":"Zulian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-306790","article-title":"Long-term treatment with rituximab in severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis","volume":"100","author":"Miserocchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04875-w","article-title":"JAK inhibitors in refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis","volume":"39","author":"Miserocchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-015-3231-3","article-title":"Clinical management algorithm of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: interdisciplinary panel consensus","volume":"35","author":"Bou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2019.108327","article-title":"High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in juvenile non-infectious uveitis: A retrospective analysis","volume":"211","author":"Schnabel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01314-y","article-title":"Uveitis therapy: The corticosteroid options","volume":"80","author":"Valdes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200110000-00006","article-title":"Side effects of corticosteroid therapy","volume":"33","author":"Buchman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B23","article-title":"Methotrexate is an effective treatment for chronic uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"32","author":"Foeldvari","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210701700509","article-title":"Methotrexate for uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: value and requirement for additional anti-inflammatory medication","volume":"17","author":"Heiligenhaus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes186","article-title":"Current evidence of methotrexate efficacy in childhood chronic uveitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis approach","volume":"52","author":"Simonini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.174","article-title":"Limited value of cyclosporine a for the treatment of patients with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Tappeiner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.173542","article-title":"Azathioprine as a treatment option for uveitis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"95","author":"Goebel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.094698","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of uveitis in children","volume":"91","author":"Doycheva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2015.1013983","article-title":"Leflunomide is associated with a higher flare rate compared to methotrexate in the treatment of chronic uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"44","author":"Bichler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213131","article-title":"Consensus-based recommendations for the management of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: the SHARE initiative","volume":"77","author":"Constantin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079903125002847","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels in aqueous humour and serum from patients with uveitis: the involvement of HLA-B27","volume":"20","author":"P\u00e9rez-Guijo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000055677","article-title":"Aqueous humor and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha in clinical uveitis","volume":"33","author":"Santos Lacomba","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.491530","article-title":"Comparison of the inhibition mechanisms of adalimumab and infliximab in treating tumor necrosis factor \u03b1-associated diseases from a molecular view","volume":"288","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515841420984572","DOI":"10.1177\/2515841420984572","article-title":"Recent advances in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2020.1798230","article-title":"The current status of biological treatment for uveitis","volume":"16","author":"Gaggiano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614160","article-title":"Adalimumab plus methotrexate for uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"376","author":"Ramanan","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000562","article-title":"Biologics for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis: current concepts and emerging therapeutics","volume":"30","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20404","article-title":"Prevention of flare recurrences in childhood-refractory chronic uveitis: an open-label comparative study of adalimumab versus infliximab","volume":"63","author":"Simonini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.171006","article-title":"Longterm safety and efficacy of adalimumab and infliximab for uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"45","author":"Cecchin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-021-00296-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of anti-TNF\u03b1 therapy for uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ce.s6000","article-title":"Golimumab: A novel human anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Kay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Core Evid"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.2.2.11271","article-title":"Certolizumab pegol","volume":"2","author":"Goel","year":"2010","journal-title":"MAbs"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-021-00630-1","article-title":"Golimumab in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis unresponsive to adalimumab","volume":"19","author":"Lanz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"B44","article-title":"Golimumab in refractory uveitis associated to juvenile idiopathic arthritis: multicentre study of 7 cases and literature review","volume":"36","author":"Palmou-Fontana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2012.633509","article-title":"Etanercept: efficacy and safety for approved indications","volume":"11","author":"Kerensky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/mjd.2003.554","article-title":"Etanercept: An overview","volume":"49","author":"Goffe","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20904","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial of etanercept for the treatment of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"53","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.058248","article-title":"Infliximab and etanercept in the treatment of chronic uveitis associated with refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"66","author":"Tynj\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcq152","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 antagonists beyond approved indications: stories of success and prospects for the future","volume":"103","author":"Karampetsou","year":"2010","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.04.002","article-title":"The impact of immunogenicity of TNF\u03b1 inhibitors in autoimmune inflammatory disease","volume":"16","author":"Pecoraro","year":"2017","journal-title":"A systematic Rev meta-analysis Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0829-7","article-title":"Tocilizumab: A review in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"77","author":"Scott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2017.1303479","article-title":"Safety of tocilizumab in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Machado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160231","article-title":"Evidence for tocilizumab as a treatment option in refractory uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"43","author":"Tappeiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12821","article-title":"Tocilizumab for refractory uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A report of two cases","volume":"44","author":"Dipasquale","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1817501","article-title":"Tocilizumab employment in the treatment of resistant juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis","volume":"29","author":"Maleki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/btt.s3355","article-title":"Abatacept in difficult-to-treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"2","author":"Kuemmerle-Deschner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000491","article-title":"How does abatacept really work in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"30","author":"Bonelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B58","article-title":"Abatacept for refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis- a case report","volume":"35","author":"Angeles-Han","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1523-6","article-title":"Abatacept: a potential therapy in refractory cases of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis","volume":"249","author":"Kenawy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140410","article-title":"Abatacept in the treatment of severe, longstanding, and refractory uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"42","author":"Tappeiner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20359","article-title":"Abatacept for refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis: two new cases","volume":"63","author":"Elhai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.151389","article-title":"Comparable efficacy of abatacept used as first-line or second-line biological agent for severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis-related uveitis","volume":"43","author":"Birolo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13142","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, filgotinib and peficitinib as monotherapy for active rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"45","author":"Ho Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2019.1605453","article-title":"Effect of janus kinase inhibitor treatment on anterior uveitis and associated macular edema in an adult patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"27","author":"Bauermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"B65","unstructured":"A study of baricitinib (LY3009104) in participants from 2 years to less than 18 years old with active JIA-associated uveitis or chronic anterior antinuclear antibody-positive uveitis2022"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2005.08.006","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of anti-CD20 \u201cwhat do b-cells do?\u201d","volume":"117","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.027","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study of chronic nongranulomatous anterior uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"115","author":"Parikh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17351","article-title":"Infiltration of plasma cells in the iris of children with ANA-positive anterior uveitis","volume":"56","author":"Kalinina Ayuso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2014.03.002","article-title":"Pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis: the known and unknown","volume":"59","author":"Kalinina Ayuso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032534","article-title":"Efficacy of b-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"350","author":"Edwards","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04699-8","article-title":"A comprehensive review of rituximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"38","author":"Tavakolpour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker107","article-title":"Treatment of severe uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab)","volume":"50","author":"Heiligenhaus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2017.1305420","article-title":"Pediatric uveitis in a well-defined population: Improved outcomes with immunosuppressive therapy","volume":"26","author":"Curragh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39940","article-title":"Anti-interleukin-6 receptor tocilizumab for severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: a multicenter study of twenty-five patients","volume":"69","author":"Calvo-R\u00edo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2013.812222","article-title":"Recurrence of uveitis after discontinuation of infliximab","volume":"22","author":"Shakoor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.161336","article-title":"Predictors of relapse after discontinuing systemic treatment in childhood autoimmune chronic uveitis","volume":"44","author":"Simonini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B77","unstructured":"Adalimumab in JIA-associated uveitis stopping trial (ADJUST)2022"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fopht.2022.954901\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T05:43:45Z","timestamp":1660542225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fopht.2022.954901\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fopht.2022.954901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fopht.2022.954901","relation":{},"ISSN":["2674-0826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2674-0826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"article-number":"954901"}}