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Ophthalmol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the effect of intraocularly applied amphiregulin antibody on physiological axial elongation in young nonhuman primates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The experimental study included six male 12-months-old macaque nonhuman primates (body weight:2.46 \u00b1 0.25kg;range:2.20-2.90kg). In the experimental group (n=3 animals), three intravitreal injections of amphiregulin antibody (100\u03bcg\/50\u03bcl) were applied to the left eyes at intervals of 4-6 weeks, and injections of phosphate buffered solution (50\u03bcl) were applied to the right eyes. Three other animals were assigned to a blank control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the study period of 23.6 weeks, axial length in the experimental group did not change in the left eyes (18.91 \u00b1 0.37mm to 18.94 \u00b1 0.67mm;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.90), while it linearly increased in the right eyes (18.87 \u00b1 0.38mm to 19.24 \u00b1 0.53mm;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.056) and in the control group (left eyes:19.15 \u00b1 0.22mm to 19.48 \u00b1 0.22mm;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.009; right eyes:19.17 \u00b1 0.15 mm to 19.46 \u00b1 0.23 mm;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.024). The interocular difference in axial elongation increased in the experimental group from -0.11 \u00b1 0.12mm at 4 weeks after baseline to -0.34 \u00b1 0.15mm at the study end, while in the control group, the interocular side difference did not change significantly (from 0.01 \u00b1 0.10 mm to 0.03 \u00b1 0.08 mm;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.38). The difference in the interocular difference in axial elongation between the two groups was significant at 8 weeks (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.01), 15 weeks (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.007), and at study end (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.02). The interocular difference in axial length correlated with the interocular difference in vitreous cavity length (standardized regression coefficient beta:0.85;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001). The interocular axial length difference was inversely associated with the interocular refractive error difference (beta:-0.49;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intraocularly applied amphiregulin antibody (100\u03bcg) reduced the physiological ocular axial elongation in juvenile nonhuman primates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2022.995157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T11:34:12Z","timestamp":1664537652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intraocular Amphiregulin antibody and axial elongation in nonhuman primates"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Wenyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiejun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingliang","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jost B.","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60272-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"379","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1971.tb05939.x","article-title":"The sagittal growth of the eye. 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