{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:10:25Z","timestamp":1753891825972,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Ophthalmol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study is to characterize orbital inflammatory disease (OID) in a primarily Black patient population, examining their demographics, presentations, workup, treatment, and outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study was performed from January 2005 to June 2022 at two academic institutions in Brooklyn, NY. Patients included met criteria for one of the following OID conditions: non-specific orbital inflammation; nonbacterial dacryoadenitis; Tolosa-Hunt; orbital myositis; definite, possible, or probable IgG4-related ophthalmic disease; and sclerosing orbital inflammation. Data reviewed included orbital inflammatory labs, imaging, pathology, and treatment. Treatment was considered successful if a patient had complete resolution of symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-nine patients met criteria for this study. 35.9% were diagnosed with dacryoadenitis, 28.2% with NSOI, 12.8% with myositis, 5.1% with possible IgG-ROD, 7.7% with probable IgG4-ROD, 7.7% with Tolosa Hunt, and 2.6% with sclerosing OI. 91% were started on steroids; 12.8% required transition to steroid-sparing therapy. 85% had a successful outcome with a resolution of symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study characterizes OID in a Black patient population and compares it to prior studies done on OID. Research on underrepresented patient populations is needed to understand differences in disease presentation and improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2025.1576929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T04:13:44Z","timestamp":1747887224000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Orbital inflammatory disease in a primarily black patient population"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Kabarriti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giannis A.","family":"Moustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nickisa","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702383","article-title":"Orbital inflammatory disease: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge","volume":"20","author":"Gordon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iop.0000203734.52333.93","article-title":"Idiopathic orbital inflammation: a pathogenetic construct and treatment strategy: The 2005 ASOPRS Foundation Lecture","volume":"22","author":"Harris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.124156","article-title":"Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome: Clinical features and treatment outcomes","volume":"91","author":"Swamy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.52.2.79","article-title":"Inflammatory pseudotumour of the orbit","volume":"52","author":"Blodi","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00069.x","article-title":"Idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease","volume":"74","author":"G\u00fcnalp","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.4.491","article-title":"Idiopathic orbital inflammation: distribution, clinical features, and treatment outcome","volume":"121","author":"Yuen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100885","article-title":"Non-specific orbital inflammation: Current understanding and unmet needs","volume":"81","author":"Lee","year":"","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000690","article-title":"Clinical features and treatment outcomes of orbital inflammatory disease in Singapore: A 10-year clinicopathologic review","volume":"33","author":"Young","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-011-0571-z","article-title":"Comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), 2011","volume":"22","author":"Umehara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-014-0352-2","article-title":"Japanese Study Group for IgG4-Related Ophthalmic Disease. 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