{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T20:39:49Z","timestamp":1757623189028,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006823","name":"Boston Children's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Ophthalmol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>WFS1<\/jats:italic> spectrum disorder is a rare condition, characterized by diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness (DIDMOAD). A 2-year-old female patient with a history of sensorineural hearing loss presented with rapid, sequential cataract development. Diabetes mellitus was not manifested at the time but developed 4 years later. While cataracts have been described in this syndrome, rapid acquisition of cataracts in the setting of mild hyperglycemia was unique considering they could not be definitively attributed to diabetes mellitus alone. This case provides real-world evidence that rapid <jats:italic>WFS1<\/jats:italic>-related cataract development may result from the underlying condition in conjunction with or independent from <jats:italic>WFS1<\/jats:italic>-associated diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2025.1612964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T04:15:46Z","timestamp":1757391346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Rapid cataract development preceding diabetes mellitus in WFS1 spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Aaishwariya A.","family":"Gulani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Duggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle M.","family":"Ledoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Gaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.34.10.838","article-title":"Wolfram (DIDMOAD) syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Barrett","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2018.17","article-title":"Genetic and clinical aspects of Wolfram syndrome 1, a severe neurodegenerative disease","volume":"83","author":"Rigoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":""},{"key":"B4","unstructured":""},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22956","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-74364-x","article-title":"Characteristics of autosomal dominant WFS1-associated optic neuropathy and its comparability to OPA1-associated autosomal dominant optic atrophy","volume":"14","author":"de Muijnck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2013.52","article-title":"Wolfram gene (WFS1) mutation causes autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract in humans","volume":"21","author":"Berry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1296","article-title":"Dominant ER stress-inducing WFS1 mutations underlie a genetic syndrome of neonatal\/infancy-onset diabetes, congenital sensorineural deafness, and congenital cataracts","volume":"66","author":"De Franco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55519\/JAMC-02-12379","article-title":"A novel de novo likely pathogenic variant of wfs-1 gene in a Pakistani child with non-classic wfs-1 spectrum disorder","volume":"36","author":"Hanif","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13316","article-title":"Cataract in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. 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